POLL : Please let me know.... voice it out anything from bottom of your hearth.
How Salt Became Sodium Chloride
With the advent of industrial development, natural salt was “chemically cleaned” and reduced to the combination of sodium and chloride.
Essential minerals and trace elements were removed as impurities. However, sodium chloride is an unnatural, isolated, unwholesome substance having nothing in common with salt. Similar to white, refined sugar, salt, once regarded as white gold, was converted into white poison. However, there is a higher reason for salt having been endowed with all the natural elements found in our bodies. Sodium chloride is an aggressive substance, which is perpetually seeking an equalizing counterpart in order for it to produce its effect. More...
The natural counterparts, such as potassium, calcium magnesium and other minerals and trace elements, demonstrate, from a biophysical standpoint, specific frequency patterns. These patterns ensure the geometric structures in our body. When these structures are missing, we are without energy and are lifeless. Salt should not be used just to add flavour to our food, but for its vibration pattern, which is similar to our body!
Is salt good or bad?
Biologically speaking, salt (sodium) plays a major role in human health. It not only feeds nutritional mineral elements to our cells, it also dissolves, sanitizes and cleanses toxic wastes from our system. It is this latter function that makes salt such a healing substance. All classic biology textbooks refer to salt as the cleanser of bodily fluids.
Most physiological and biological processes function correctly only when sufficient quantities of sodium are present. For example, the body makes hydrochloric acid from salt. (Hydrochloric acid is one of our essential digestive fluids.) In a healthy person, the quantity of salt retained in the tissues remains constant. Any excess sodium ingested is automatically eliminated through the kidneys. However, if disease is present, this elimination of excess salt is impaired, and excess salt deposits are created; or sudden loss if internal salt can occur.
When stress or infection demand an extra supply of salt, our body reserves are used. Addison's disease, pylorus blockage, ulcers and gastric cancers can create a critical loss of chloride ions and lower thhow to dissolve salt depositse sodium chloride in the digestive system causing a shortage of hydrochloric acid in gastric juices. These losses of chlorine and sodium inhibit the cell's self-cleansing function resulting in the blood becoming loaded with toxins. This, in turn, can act on the nervous system and create a chain reaction of new losses of sodium chloride, which in extreme cases can be fatal.
Salt is also responsible for the balance of acids and bases within the body. When salt enters the body it dissolves into ions (also called electrolytes because they carry electrical current). With this in mind, the water balance role of salt may be easier to understand. Water is a necessary part of all body cells but cells have no way to hold onto water molecules directly. They can only move ions around and water will follow ions. So the cells direct where the ions go, the water follows and this determines where the fluids go.
The Function of Salt
To truly understand the function of salt, we need to look to the sea, witness the high level of health of its creatures and compare its composition to that of human body fluids.
Dehydrated sea water contains over 80 elements, most required for the maintenance of the human body. While all salt originates from the sea, refined table salt and almost all sea salts sold in health food stores have none of these elements left. Even in the "natural" salts, refining, washing, boiling or kiln drying has stripped away almost all traces of these minerals. That's why it is white and dry.
Any untreated, natural, whole salt will stubbornly hold on to part of its original water unless kiln or vacuum-pan dried. Even by drying naturally in the sun, salt crystals will not give up all of their moisture. In fact, the more trace and macro-nutrients the salt contains, the less moisture it will release.
True "natural" sun dried salt ranges from light gray or beige to pale pink in color. Unwashed salt obtained by the industrial method yields dark gray (dirty) salt which definitely requires washing. Industrial salt making is designed to obtain a 99% pure chemical--sodium chloride. Only about 8% of industrial salt produced is used for food. The rest goes for industrial and chemical uses and is all totally refined.
Dr. Jacques Loeb, M.D., a biologist renowned for his discoveries on parthenogenesis, did several experimentshow to dissolve salt deposits with protoplasm (living tissue) and salt. When he placed the protoplasm in distilled water, it lived. When he added pure (refined) sodium chloride, it acted as a deadly poison.
In nature, s
haven't you heard "never eat too much or too little"
btw, this is a very long copy&paste articles
(Salt and Human Health) (Raw Unrefined Sea Salt)
(The Benefits of Dead Sea Salt)
(Benefits of Salt in Your Diet) TO ALL MALAYSIAN BE POSITIVE WENT I PUT MY QUESTION I KNOW WHAT I'M DOING. ONLY THE PROBLEM OUR MALAYSIAN DON'T LIKE TO DRINK A LOT OF WATER BECAUSE THEY DON'T LIKE TO GO TO WASHED ROOM.
My own experience grow such as acne by my labia majora than the doktor said I can remember but no good. for 3 days they charged me RM3320/- When the doctor put the cream after in the night it broke and the nurse put me again the cream until to the next day it's become bigger and one hold near to
my labia majora but now it spreed to labia minora and to clitoral hood than my ex-husband asked the doctor what you put to my wife until to this position. He know very well Greek language because all the doctor using the Greek language. I want take her out from you specialist center in Kulim.
At that time I feel very pain and I can not walk if I said pain really pain. Than when I at home he said be ready he put coarse salt that time I fell like to shouting it really smarting and ill. the next day I feel better and better I never put again the medicine. When I back in KL I ask my family
you know what my doctor said it's only normal for woman if they fat and when they reduce the fat some people will have this because of the blood circulation that normal. My pat father daddy Lim died for nothing doctor said cancer he never have cancer. My pat mom Loo never believed doctor more.
I have no bloody idea what are you trying to prove by copying and pasting articles.
pls refer my answer in your previous question.
yes not taking saly u will have High BP but whenu take and eat more salt it will be worse
Wednesday, January 11, 2012
crazy little thing called love original artistWho was the original artist that sang crazy little thing called love?
Queen
if you google it elvis sung it, and he died in 1977 so how could queen write it 3 years later!!!!!!
People... I you kidding me???? Elvis Presley released a song called "Crazy little thing called love" in 1957!!!!! So who's the original performer????
Queen??!
Here's your proof:
Who's been watching X factor then?!!!
Ray to win!!
Queen- Frecrazy little thing called love original artistddie Mercury was the brilliant musical mind who wrote it!
yep!!have double checked, def queen!!
QUEEN [FREDDY MERCURY]
Lol, same as my question.
The correct answere is Queen.
x.X
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" performed by Queen, written by singer Freddie Mercury in 1979.
Queen.
Queen!!!!!!!!!
Queen.
Queen..Freddie Mercury,he wrote it.
Freddie
Patsy Kline
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" is a song performed by the English rock crazy little thing called love original artistband Queen, written by singer Freddie Mercury in 1979. While it peaked at number two in the UK, it hit number one on the U.S. charts on February 23, 1980, remaining there for three weeks. It topped the charts in Australia for six weeks. It was also their first number 1 single in the U.S. :)
Queen
queen...
Freddy Mercury of Queen. He also wrote the song.
Kabum
if you google it elvis sung it, and he died in 1977 so how could queen write it 3 years later!!!!!!
People... I you kidding me???? Elvis Presley released a song called "Crazy little thing called love" in 1957!!!!! So who's the original performer????
Queen??!
Here's your proof:
Who's been watching X factor then?!!!
Ray to win!!
Queen- Frecrazy little thing called love original artistddie Mercury was the brilliant musical mind who wrote it!
yep!!have double checked, def queen!!
QUEEN [FREDDY MERCURY]
Lol, same as my question.
The correct answere is Queen.
x.X
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" performed by Queen, written by singer Freddie Mercury in 1979.
Queen.
Queen!!!!!!!!!
Queen.
Queen..Freddie Mercury,he wrote it.
Freddie
Patsy Kline
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" is a song performed by the English rock crazy little thing called love original artistband Queen, written by singer Freddie Mercury in 1979. While it peaked at number two in the UK, it hit number one on the U.S. charts on February 23, 1980, remaining there for three weeks. It topped the charts in Australia for six weeks. It was also their first number 1 single in the U.S. :)
Queen
queen...
Freddy Mercury of Queen. He also wrote the song.
Kabum
treatment of aplastic anemiaAny parents dealing with Aplastic Anemia?
My 7 1/2 year old son has been undergoing treatment for Aplastic Anemia for the past 6 months. I need to know that there is a light at the end of the tunnel. Has anyone been through this?
Hello, I personally don't have any experience with aplastic anemia, but 6 months ago I met at the daycare where I was working a boy who is currently 9 years old who suffered from Aplastic Anemia when he was 2 years old. I had the chance to speak to his mom and she told me that at that time he couldnt have the traditional therapy a patient like him was supposed to have ( i think it was a bone marrow transplant, but i am not 100% sure) so he got this therapy with steroids if i dont remember wrong he got a couple of years of this therapy, and ... well.. right now he is 9 and accoording to his mother (and what i could see!) he is doing wonderfully!!
So.. yes, there is light at the end of the tunnel!!! just ask God and he will listen to you! (sorry i cant' be more helpful but that is all i can remember for now).
I missed the date for this question, but I am a senior in high school and had a bmt for aplastic anemia at 11 months. My life has not been easy and the after-effects are sometimes ever-present (for example, my growth was stunted by the radiation) but I am happy to report that I am totally cured!
CANCER in general is a very fearful disease an still an enigma. Whatever be the kind of cancer, and irespective of the stage and other factors we have to fight it with all possible means and defenitely there are chances of wining the game. So try your besttreatment of aplastic anemia to save the boy with the positive hope and you will suceed.
For your information benefit, I am appending a full write of apalastic anemia below:
Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough, or any, new cells to replenish the blood cells.
The term 'aplastic' refers to the inability of the marrow to function properly. Anemia is the condition of having fewer blood cells than normal, or fewer than needed to function properly. Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts on all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Causes : One known cause is an autoimmune disorder, where the white blood cells attack the bone marrow.
In many cases, the etiology is impossible to determine, but aplastic anemia is sometimes associated with exposure to substances such as benzene, radiation, or to the use of certain drugs, including chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone.
Signs and symptoms: Anemia with malaise, pallor and associated symptoms. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), leading to increased risk of hemorrhage and bruising
Leukopenia (low white blood cell count), leading to increased risk of infection
Diagnosis :The diagnosis can only be made on bone marrow biopsy. Before this procedure is undertaken, a patient will generally have had other blood tests to find diagnostic clues, including a full blood count, renal function and electrolytes, liver enzymes, thyroid function tests, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels.
Treatment: Treatingtreatment of aplastic anemia aplastic anemia involves suppression of the immune system, an effect achieved by daily medicine intake, or, in more severe cases, a bone marrow transplant, a potential cure but a risky procedure. The transplanted bone marrow replaces the failing bone marrow cells with new ones from a matching donor. The pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow reconstitute all three blood cell lines, giving the patient a new immune system, red blood cells, and platelets. However, besides the risk of graft failure, there is also a risk that the newly created white blood cells may attack the rest of the body ("graft-versus-host disease").
Medical therapy of aplastic anemia often includes a short course of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG or anti-lymphocyte globulin) and several months of treatment with cyclosporin to modulate the immune system. Mild chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide and vincristine may also be effective. Antibodies therapy, such as ATG, targets T-cells, which are believed to attack the bone marrow. Steroids are generally ineffective.
Follow-up : Regular full blood counts are required to determine whether the patient is still in a state of remission.
10-33% of all patients develop the rare disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH, anemia with thrombopenia and/or thrombosis), which has been explained as an escape mechanism by the bone marrow against destruction by the immune system. Flow cytometry testing is probably warranted in all PNH patients with recurrent aplasia.
Hello, I personally don't have any experience with aplastic anemia, but 6 months ago I met at the daycare where I was working a boy who is currently 9 years old who suffered from Aplastic Anemia when he was 2 years old. I had the chance to speak to his mom and she told me that at that time he couldnt have the traditional therapy a patient like him was supposed to have ( i think it was a bone marrow transplant, but i am not 100% sure) so he got this therapy with steroids if i dont remember wrong he got a couple of years of this therapy, and ... well.. right now he is 9 and accoording to his mother (and what i could see!) he is doing wonderfully!!
So.. yes, there is light at the end of the tunnel!!! just ask God and he will listen to you! (sorry i cant' be more helpful but that is all i can remember for now).
I missed the date for this question, but I am a senior in high school and had a bmt for aplastic anemia at 11 months. My life has not been easy and the after-effects are sometimes ever-present (for example, my growth was stunted by the radiation) but I am happy to report that I am totally cured!
CANCER in general is a very fearful disease an still an enigma. Whatever be the kind of cancer, and irespective of the stage and other factors we have to fight it with all possible means and defenitely there are chances of wining the game. So try your besttreatment of aplastic anemia to save the boy with the positive hope and you will suceed.
For your information benefit, I am appending a full write of apalastic anemia below:
Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough, or any, new cells to replenish the blood cells.
The term 'aplastic' refers to the inability of the marrow to function properly. Anemia is the condition of having fewer blood cells than normal, or fewer than needed to function properly. Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts on all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Causes : One known cause is an autoimmune disorder, where the white blood cells attack the bone marrow.
In many cases, the etiology is impossible to determine, but aplastic anemia is sometimes associated with exposure to substances such as benzene, radiation, or to the use of certain drugs, including chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone.
Signs and symptoms: Anemia with malaise, pallor and associated symptoms. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), leading to increased risk of hemorrhage and bruising
Leukopenia (low white blood cell count), leading to increased risk of infection
Diagnosis :The diagnosis can only be made on bone marrow biopsy. Before this procedure is undertaken, a patient will generally have had other blood tests to find diagnostic clues, including a full blood count, renal function and electrolytes, liver enzymes, thyroid function tests, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels.
Treatment: Treatingtreatment of aplastic anemia aplastic anemia involves suppression of the immune system, an effect achieved by daily medicine intake, or, in more severe cases, a bone marrow transplant, a potential cure but a risky procedure. The transplanted bone marrow replaces the failing bone marrow cells with new ones from a matching donor. The pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow reconstitute all three blood cell lines, giving the patient a new immune system, red blood cells, and platelets. However, besides the risk of graft failure, there is also a risk that the newly created white blood cells may attack the rest of the body ("graft-versus-host disease").
Medical therapy of aplastic anemia often includes a short course of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG or anti-lymphocyte globulin) and several months of treatment with cyclosporin to modulate the immune system. Mild chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide and vincristine may also be effective. Antibodies therapy, such as ATG, targets T-cells, which are believed to attack the bone marrow. Steroids are generally ineffective.
Follow-up : Regular full blood counts are required to determine whether the patient is still in a state of remission.
10-33% of all patients develop the rare disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH, anemia with thrombopenia and/or thrombosis), which has been explained as an escape mechanism by the bone marrow against destruction by the immune system. Flow cytometry testing is probably warranted in all PNH patients with recurrent aplasia.
best question to ask girlsWhat's the best question to ask to pick up girls?
If any cute girls wish to answer, leave me your email as well so that i can ask you the question that you gave as an answer.
fancy a shag
HAPPY TO HELP
ask them how they doing**
"your cute.. whats your name?" yeah thats the best one.. i asked everyone anf they agree
Can I pick you up please? If you want to date them however; you'd have to be more creative...
dont ask a question, just say hi!
Don't ask them anything! Just be mysterious, quiet and maybe offbeat. Girls love that. (Just don't go "geeky" or they'll shun you).
Honesty. Be forward, sorry Ibest question to ask girls am cute, but I am married. Girls do not like Bull ShAV儿劣**tters. Just get to the point.
Want to see my American Express Gold Card? Works every time.
"Can I buy you a drink?"
ask them how they are doing and what they are in to girls like it when guys ask things about them. it shows they really want to get to know them. vixen63_babygirl@yahoo.com
hy iam gay, iam smart-- have a nice day now--
How about saying "Do you or don't you?" - you'll soon find out!
I hate pick up lines. Hi I'm so and so works just fine. Everything else is cheesy and fake.
do u believe in love at first sight?
either it workbest question to ask girlss ot it doesn't
You shore do gotta' purdy mouth. Yonna' go fur uh little ride in my truck?
Use that one!!
What is your name cutie?
Pay a compliment to what the girl is wearing (no doubt she's taken 2 hrs to get ready), ask to buy her a drink then when chatting find common ground ASAP. All this helps if you are gorgeous and charming though...
Remember to stick within your own league - you don't want to get laughed at! (This rule does not apply if said girl is a bit drunk, cos then you can go for broke) Ciao! and GOOD LUCK! x
fancy a shag
HAPPY TO HELP
ask them how they doing**
"your cute.. whats your name?" yeah thats the best one.. i asked everyone anf they agree
Can I pick you up please? If you want to date them however; you'd have to be more creative...
dont ask a question, just say hi!
Don't ask them anything! Just be mysterious, quiet and maybe offbeat. Girls love that. (Just don't go "geeky" or they'll shun you).
Honesty. Be forward, sorry Ibest question to ask girls am cute, but I am married. Girls do not like Bull ShAV儿劣**tters. Just get to the point.
Want to see my American Express Gold Card? Works every time.
"Can I buy you a drink?"
ask them how they are doing and what they are in to girls like it when guys ask things about them. it shows they really want to get to know them. vixen63_babygirl@yahoo.com
hy iam gay, iam smart-- have a nice day now--
How about saying "Do you or don't you?" - you'll soon find out!
I hate pick up lines. Hi I'm so and so works just fine. Everything else is cheesy and fake.
do u believe in love at first sight?
either it workbest question to ask girlss ot it doesn't
You shore do gotta' purdy mouth. Yonna' go fur uh little ride in my truck?
Use that one!!
What is your name cutie?
Pay a compliment to what the girl is wearing (no doubt she's taken 2 hrs to get ready), ask to buy her a drink then when chatting find common ground ASAP. All this helps if you are gorgeous and charming though...
Remember to stick within your own league - you don't want to get laughed at! (This rule does not apply if said girl is a bit drunk, cos then you can go for broke) Ciao! and GOOD LUCK! x
why is yawning so contagiousDoes anyone know why yawning is contagious?
I have a theory its beacause your subconscious mind sees the other person yawning and thinks its using all the air up so must get some before its all gone. Its only a theory. Do you have a better one?
That's an interesting theory, and was one I had assumed until recently.
However, I recently read a very interesting science article studying contagious yawning in Chimpanzees.
Yes - chimps do exactly the same thing as humans: they are significantly more likely to yawn when they see another chimp yawning.
The researchers who carried out this study believe that contagious yawning is the result of empathy and self-awareness, both of which require a sophisticated intellwhy is yawning so contagiousect. Confirming this need for higher social development before contagious yawning happens - both humans under the age of 5 and infant chimps do NOT contagiously yawn.
Fascinating stuff. Doesn't quite explain why we yawn in the first place. However, another interesting finding is that although many mammals yawn - ONLY carnivores (everyone's seen pictures of lions doing this) but NO herbivores yawn.
Lots of research to do, I guess - although I suspect that's not very high priority for research funding agencies!
It's a pleasure
Almost correct - people yawn when their brain is short of oxygen. Therefore, when somebody else yawns,why is yawning so contagious it triggers your subconscious mind to believe there may be a shortage of oxygen, causing you to yawn too.
reading this just made me yawn. when i think or talk about it-it makes me yawn.it's probably to do with your subconscious mind
It aint.
when you hear or see a yawn you just think your brain needs more oxygen.
just like what that person before me said.
its not you are a follower not a leader
Seeing a person yawn makes you concious of how tired and sleepy you actually are. Such thoughts trigger off a yawn. Zzz.
never raised the point but yes it certainly is contagious, im actually yawning now
Its lack of oxygen to the brain that makes you yawn.
That's an interesting theory, and was one I had assumed until recently.
However, I recently read a very interesting science article studying contagious yawning in Chimpanzees.
Yes - chimps do exactly the same thing as humans: they are significantly more likely to yawn when they see another chimp yawning.
The researchers who carried out this study believe that contagious yawning is the result of empathy and self-awareness, both of which require a sophisticated intellwhy is yawning so contagiousect. Confirming this need for higher social development before contagious yawning happens - both humans under the age of 5 and infant chimps do NOT contagiously yawn.
Fascinating stuff. Doesn't quite explain why we yawn in the first place. However, another interesting finding is that although many mammals yawn - ONLY carnivores (everyone's seen pictures of lions doing this) but NO herbivores yawn.
Lots of research to do, I guess - although I suspect that's not very high priority for research funding agencies!
It's a pleasure
Almost correct - people yawn when their brain is short of oxygen. Therefore, when somebody else yawns,why is yawning so contagious it triggers your subconscious mind to believe there may be a shortage of oxygen, causing you to yawn too.
reading this just made me yawn. when i think or talk about it-it makes me yawn.it's probably to do with your subconscious mind
It aint.
when you hear or see a yawn you just think your brain needs more oxygen.
just like what that person before me said.
its not you are a follower not a leader
Seeing a person yawn makes you concious of how tired and sleepy you actually are. Such thoughts trigger off a yawn. Zzz.
never raised the point but yes it certainly is contagious, im actually yawning now
Its lack of oxygen to the brain that makes you yawn.
fearless album song listWhat is the song list for Taylor Swift's new album Fearless?
Anyone know all of the songs on Taylor Swift's new album, Fearless?
the songs that are on it are:
Love Story
Change
15
Fearless
Hey Stephen
White Horse
You Belong With Me
Breathe
fearless album song list Tell Me Why
Your Not Sorry
The Best Day
you forgot some.
the songs are [in the order they appear on the cd]:
.fearless
.fifteen
.love story
.hey stephen
.white horse
.you fearless album song listbelong with me
.breathe
.tell me why
.you're not sorry
.the way i loved you
.forever & always
.the best day
.change
the songs that are on it are:
Love Story
Change
15
Fearless
Hey Stephen
White Horse
You Belong With Me
Breathe
fearless album song list Tell Me Why
Your Not Sorry
The Best Day
you forgot some.
the songs are [in the order they appear on the cd]:
.fearless
.fifteen
.love story
.hey stephen
.white horse
.you fearless album song listbelong with me
.breathe
.tell me why
.you're not sorry
.the way i loved you
.forever & always
.the best day
.change
understanding why women cheatWhy do women cheat ? Why not just leave him ?
I dont understand why women cheat....I mean if a guy cant stimulate me mentally and physically I drop him. If the guy suck in bed leave him and get with the guy your dying to get with, ya know. The guy isnt obviously going to make u completly happy so why do women cheat and still try to make it work ? Is it because he makes good money? Do yall get along well( not good n bed should be friend) ? All of these questions are excuses, and are plans for a bad relationship n then end ! If a man cant satisfy you mentally and physically dont cheat on him LEAVE HIM. Want do yall think about this ? Also if u cheated b4 why did u do it ?
I agree with babypops. I reckon a lot of people who cheat do it because their primary relationship is emotionally unfulfilling. Perhaps they could leave, but when there are children involved it's not so easy.
Of course sometimes it's just opportunism - there's an opportunity to get it on with someone hot and no one will ever find out. That's hard to turn down.
Leaving a long term relationship isn't an easy decision to make and sometimes cheating is a factor that makes a person think about what they really want from life.
the women who comment on this post is spitting straight bull crap. WTF
That's easy enough when you aren't married, have a job that supports you completely and don't have children to worry about. I read questions from married women that feel the romance has gone out of the relationship and want some excitement in their life, someone to pay attentunderstanding why women cheation to them. I think a lot of women who have affairs really want the man, but married men will usually ditch the women they cheat with and stay with the wife.
It is NOT about sex. Women in general need to feel appreciated and desireable. Often with a long term partner that is the thing that goes first. Another man will come along who offers those feelings again and affair can begin. Again though the affair does not have to be one of a sexual nature.
You don't want to leave your long term partner (initially at least) because you have other ties such as children, pets and financial responsibilites. Nothing in life is quite so cut and dry.
they usually want the best of both worlds.
The guy they stay with has the money, the house, the retirement account, in short - the GOLD.
The guy that she's fcking on the side has the big horsedick.
Women always want both. If they can't have both in one man, they will cheat.
But money always trumps dick, so if they can't have a rich man with a big dick, they will settle for a rich man, and the dick is a bonus.
lol..vengeance,maybe.
oh well, not all women base their relationship on physical stimulation. different people have different priorities.
those women probably have their reasons for not leaving the the guy.....one can't just come up with ideas or assumptions and make a decision like that. one has to know and understand their reasons.
n/a
You know, sometimes I wonder the exact same thing about men who have a bit on the side, yet still come home at the end of the day to their wife, kids anunderstanding why women cheatd a cosy home.
The answer of this Q is both genders having their cake and eating it too.
I asked my Ex this when I caught her cheating. Her answer was, She was not made for marriage. She said variety is the spice of life and being married, caused her to realize this. Apparently her Mother is the same way. She has been married 8 times.
Some women, like some men, just want a bit of variety. They may find their husbands quite satisfactory in bed, but still be up for a bit on the side. They may enjoy the illicit excitement of having an affair, it adds spice to their lives. They may have a genuine passion for another person, but still not want to leave their long-time partner.
They won't necessarily want to leave their husbands for the other man, any more than all married men who have affairs want to ditch their wives. There are other factors that keep a couple together apart from sex, i.e. love, companionship, children, etc. They won't necessarily want to break up their marriages just because they find sex enjoyable with someone else. There's more to marriage than sex.
you sound like a man behind a female avatar. men cheat too if not probably MORE than women since they like variety and think of sex 69 times a day. so stop pending this only on women. i dont know the mind of a cheater and never will i know. why dont they just leave instead of doing what they know is wrong. they are one of the selifsh groups of people in this world. thats all its about.
I agree with babypops. I reckon a lot of people who cheat do it because their primary relationship is emotionally unfulfilling. Perhaps they could leave, but when there are children involved it's not so easy.
Of course sometimes it's just opportunism - there's an opportunity to get it on with someone hot and no one will ever find out. That's hard to turn down.
Leaving a long term relationship isn't an easy decision to make and sometimes cheating is a factor that makes a person think about what they really want from life.
the women who comment on this post is spitting straight bull crap. WTF
That's easy enough when you aren't married, have a job that supports you completely and don't have children to worry about. I read questions from married women that feel the romance has gone out of the relationship and want some excitement in their life, someone to pay attentunderstanding why women cheation to them. I think a lot of women who have affairs really want the man, but married men will usually ditch the women they cheat with and stay with the wife.
It is NOT about sex. Women in general need to feel appreciated and desireable. Often with a long term partner that is the thing that goes first. Another man will come along who offers those feelings again and affair can begin. Again though the affair does not have to be one of a sexual nature.
You don't want to leave your long term partner (initially at least) because you have other ties such as children, pets and financial responsibilites. Nothing in life is quite so cut and dry.
they usually want the best of both worlds.
The guy they stay with has the money, the house, the retirement account, in short - the GOLD.
The guy that she's fcking on the side has the big horsedick.
Women always want both. If they can't have both in one man, they will cheat.
But money always trumps dick, so if they can't have a rich man with a big dick, they will settle for a rich man, and the dick is a bonus.
lol..vengeance,maybe.
oh well, not all women base their relationship on physical stimulation. different people have different priorities.
those women probably have their reasons for not leaving the the guy.....one can't just come up with ideas or assumptions and make a decision like that. one has to know and understand their reasons.
n/a
You know, sometimes I wonder the exact same thing about men who have a bit on the side, yet still come home at the end of the day to their wife, kids anunderstanding why women cheatd a cosy home.
The answer of this Q is both genders having their cake and eating it too.
I asked my Ex this when I caught her cheating. Her answer was, She was not made for marriage. She said variety is the spice of life and being married, caused her to realize this. Apparently her Mother is the same way. She has been married 8 times.
Some women, like some men, just want a bit of variety. They may find their husbands quite satisfactory in bed, but still be up for a bit on the side. They may enjoy the illicit excitement of having an affair, it adds spice to their lives. They may have a genuine passion for another person, but still not want to leave their long-time partner.
They won't necessarily want to leave their husbands for the other man, any more than all married men who have affairs want to ditch their wives. There are other factors that keep a couple together apart from sex, i.e. love, companionship, children, etc. They won't necessarily want to break up their marriages just because they find sex enjoyable with someone else. There's more to marriage than sex.
you sound like a man behind a female avatar. men cheat too if not probably MORE than women since they like variety and think of sex 69 times a day. so stop pending this only on women. i dont know the mind of a cheater and never will i know. why dont they just leave instead of doing what they know is wrong. they are one of the selifsh groups of people in this world. thats all its about.
my free xboxHow many free xbox live months come with the Xbox 360 Elite Spring Bundle?
I am getting a Xbox 360 but i would like to know how many free months come with the Spring bundle. My mom wants to know before i buy it because i never told her i had to pay for live :P I heard that the Spring bundle comes with 3 free one months but i wasn't totally sure. Pleasee help :)
The Spring Bundle comes with ONE month of Xbox Live Gold. The reason it says "three" is because you can have many different Gamertags, and three of them are allowed one month of gold each.
This would be like if you had several people in one family who have different gamertag accounts. Xbox wants you to pay a $50 live membership for each person, even if you only have one Xbox.
So once you activate a Gamertag amy free xboxnd refuse to upgrade to Gold in the menu, it will automatically start your 1-Month Gold trial. If you activate another Gamertag, it will do the same thing for it. You could space them out I guess, playing with one Gamertag for a month, then playing with another, until all three are used up. But you can't move any history or achievements from one gamertag to another. The only way to do that is to pay to have your gamertag changed, for $10.
Of course you don't HAVE to have Gold to enjoy your xbox, unless you mainly plan to play online.
So yeah, three months but it is kind of a marketing lie. For all practical purposes, one month is all you get.
my free sweepstakes i draw every 30 people
http://wwwmy free xbox.facebook.com/pages/Free-Xbox-Live-and-Ms-Points/240514449318256
You hear right the spring bundle comes with 3 free months of xbox live. After that you will have to renew your membership. If you dont want to pay for your renewed membership try out this site.
freexboxlivegoldmember.weebly.com you can get free xbox live gold membership here for free.
try it out you got nothing to lose.
All new Xbox 360 systems come with 3 free months built in (one for 3 new accounts each).
Edit: No, like I said, one month each for 3 new accounts. You need to make a new account using a new email, to access the next free month.
The Spring Bundle comes with ONE month of Xbox Live Gold. The reason it says "three" is because you can have many different Gamertags, and three of them are allowed one month of gold each.
This would be like if you had several people in one family who have different gamertag accounts. Xbox wants you to pay a $50 live membership for each person, even if you only have one Xbox.
So once you activate a Gamertag amy free xboxnd refuse to upgrade to Gold in the menu, it will automatically start your 1-Month Gold trial. If you activate another Gamertag, it will do the same thing for it. You could space them out I guess, playing with one Gamertag for a month, then playing with another, until all three are used up. But you can't move any history or achievements from one gamertag to another. The only way to do that is to pay to have your gamertag changed, for $10.
Of course you don't HAVE to have Gold to enjoy your xbox, unless you mainly plan to play online.
So yeah, three months but it is kind of a marketing lie. For all practical purposes, one month is all you get.
my free sweepstakes i draw every 30 people
http://wwwmy free xbox.facebook.com/pages/Free-Xbox-Live-and-Ms-Points/240514449318256
You hear right the spring bundle comes with 3 free months of xbox live. After that you will have to renew your membership. If you dont want to pay for your renewed membership try out this site.
freexboxlivegoldmember.weebly.com you can get free xbox live gold membership here for free.
try it out you got nothing to lose.
All new Xbox 360 systems come with 3 free months built in (one for 3 new accounts each).
Edit: No, like I said, one month each for 3 new accounts. You need to make a new account using a new email, to access the next free month.
sayings about loveWhat are some really good, cute sayings or quotes about love?
I need some quotes or sayings about love to dedicate to my bf. Preferably long sayings, but short ones would do. I want them to be really cute and meaningful. The quotes could also be about life.
"Love, true love, is that which can give the most without asking or demanding anything in return." - Mazie Hammond
"A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous." - Ingrid Bergman
"Love has nothing to do with what you are expecting to get - only with what you are expected to give - which is everything." - Katharine Hepburn
"Love doesn't make the world go round. Love is what makes the ride worthwhile." - Franklin Jones
"The beginning of love is to let those we love be perfectly themselves, and not to twist them to fit our own image. Otherwise we love only the reflection of ourselves we find in them." - Thomas Merton
"All you need is love. But a little 拙克力 now and then doesn't hurt." - Charles M. Schultz
"I have found the paradox that if I love until it hurts, then there is no hurt, but only more love." - Mother Theresa
"Don't find love, let love find you. That's why it's called falling in love, because you don't force yourself to fall, you just fall." - Unknown
"No one is perfect until you fall in love with them." - Unknown
"To love and be loved is to feel the sun from both sides." - David Viscott
"I guess everyone has someone who challenges them and makes them shoot for something just beyond their reach. You're that person for me." - Dawson's Creek *
"Love is the irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired." - Robert Frost
"Because for me, it's always been you. Always. And I've tried to fight it, I've tried to deny it. But I can't. You're undeniable." - The OC
"In the rock-paper-scissors of romance, love trumps fear. Actually, love trumps everything." - The OC
"All our young lives, we search for someone to love. Someone who makes us complete. We choose partners and change partners. We dance to a song of heartbreak and hope, all the while wondering if somewhere, somehow, there's someone perfect who might be searching for us." - The Wonder Years
"It's gotta be that can't eat, can't sleep, reach for the stars, over the fence, world series kind of thing." - It Takes Two
"I don't doubt myself when I'm with you. I feel like the best version of myself when I'm with you, and that makessayings about love me doubt everything else." - Keeping the Faith
"I'd rather die tomorrow than live a hundred years without knowing you." - Pocahontas
"I am who I am because of you. You are every reason, every hope, and every dream I've ever had. And no matter what happens to us in the future, every day we are together is the greatest day of my life." - The Notebook
"Many waters cannot quench love, nor can the floods drown it." - Bible, Song of Solomon 8:7
"Love takes off masks that we fear we cannot live without and know we cannot live within." - James Baldwin
"You have to walk carefully in the beginning of love; the running across fields into your lover's arms can only come later when you're sure they won't laugh if you trip." - Jonathan Carroll
"It is a curious thought, but it is only when you see people looking ridiculous that you realize just how much you love them." - Agatha Christie
"Love is all we have, the only way that each can help the other." - Euripides
"Finally I have found a place into which I fit perfectly, safely, and securely with no doubts, fears, sadness, or tears. This place is filled with happiness and laughter, yet it is spacious enough to allow me the freedom to move around, to live my life, and to be myself. This wonderful place, which I never believed really existed, I have found finally in your arms, in your heart, in your love."
"'I love you' means that I accept you for the person that you are and that I do not wish to change you into someone else. It means that I do not expect perfection from you-just as you do not expect it from me. It means that I will love you and stand by you even through the worst of times. It means loving you when you're in a bad mood or too tired to do the things I want to do. It means loving you when you're down-not just when you're fun to be with. 'I love you' means that I know your deepest secrets and do not judge you for them-asking in return only that you do not judge me for mine. It means that I care enough to fight for what we have and that I love enough not to let go. It means thinking of you, dreaming of you, wanting and needing you constantly, and hoping that you feel the same way for me."
"I love him not for what he is, but for what I am when I am with him; I love him for the part of me that he brings out."
"It's funny how big of an impact you have on me. It's like when I see you, you don't even have to speak, all you can do is smilsayings about lovee, and it can make my day, and that's how I remember my reasons for loving you."
“Love me when I least deserve it, because that's when I really need it.” - Swedish Proverb
“If you live to be a hundred, I want to live to be a hundred minus one day so I never have to live without you.” - A. A. Milne
“I love you, and because I love you, I would sooner have you hate me for telling you the truth than adore me for telling you lies.” - Pietro Aretino
“I love you not only for what you are, but for what I am when I am with you. I love you not only for what you have made of yourself, but for what you are making of me. I love you for the part of me that you bring out.” - Roy Croft
“For it was not into my ear you whispered, but into my heart. It was not my lips you kissed, but my soul.” - Judy Garland
Here are some of my favorites:
If you love somebody, let them go, for if they return, there were always yours. And if they don't, they never were.
True love isn't about finding the perfect person, but seeing the imperfect person perfectly.
Love is like an hour glass, with the heart filling up as the brain empties.
To love is to receive a glimpse of heaven.
Real love expects nothing in return.
Nothing costs as much as loving - except not loving.
马克 Twain
Love seems the swiftest, but it is the slowest of all growths. No man or woman really knows what perfect love is until they have been married a quarter of a century.
Katherine Hepburn
Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then.
William Shakespeare
I love thee, I love but thee
With a love that shall not die
Till the sun grows cold
And the stars grow old.
"Love means never having to say you're sorry."
"Love is patient and kind."
"Love begins as a cocoon and then becomes the butterfly."
For some quotes on life, see www.alternativeeducationbible.com
Kahlil Gibran:
If you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work.
mind over matter, if you don't mind then it doesn't matter
Marriage is grand, Divorce is 20 gran
Love is never having to say you're sorry..from "Love Story"...
"Love, true love, is that which can give the most without asking or demanding anything in return." - Mazie Hammond
"A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous." - Ingrid Bergman
"Love has nothing to do with what you are expecting to get - only with what you are expected to give - which is everything." - Katharine Hepburn
"Love doesn't make the world go round. Love is what makes the ride worthwhile." - Franklin Jones
"The beginning of love is to let those we love be perfectly themselves, and not to twist them to fit our own image. Otherwise we love only the reflection of ourselves we find in them." - Thomas Merton
"All you need is love. But a little 拙克力 now and then doesn't hurt." - Charles M. Schultz
"I have found the paradox that if I love until it hurts, then there is no hurt, but only more love." - Mother Theresa
"Don't find love, let love find you. That's why it's called falling in love, because you don't force yourself to fall, you just fall." - Unknown
"No one is perfect until you fall in love with them." - Unknown
"To love and be loved is to feel the sun from both sides." - David Viscott
"I guess everyone has someone who challenges them and makes them shoot for something just beyond their reach. You're that person for me." - Dawson's Creek *
"Love is the irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired." - Robert Frost
"Because for me, it's always been you. Always. And I've tried to fight it, I've tried to deny it. But I can't. You're undeniable." - The OC
"In the rock-paper-scissors of romance, love trumps fear. Actually, love trumps everything." - The OC
"All our young lives, we search for someone to love. Someone who makes us complete. We choose partners and change partners. We dance to a song of heartbreak and hope, all the while wondering if somewhere, somehow, there's someone perfect who might be searching for us." - The Wonder Years
"It's gotta be that can't eat, can't sleep, reach for the stars, over the fence, world series kind of thing." - It Takes Two
"I don't doubt myself when I'm with you. I feel like the best version of myself when I'm with you, and that makessayings about love me doubt everything else." - Keeping the Faith
"I'd rather die tomorrow than live a hundred years without knowing you." - Pocahontas
"I am who I am because of you. You are every reason, every hope, and every dream I've ever had. And no matter what happens to us in the future, every day we are together is the greatest day of my life." - The Notebook
"Many waters cannot quench love, nor can the floods drown it." - Bible, Song of Solomon 8:7
"Love takes off masks that we fear we cannot live without and know we cannot live within." - James Baldwin
"You have to walk carefully in the beginning of love; the running across fields into your lover's arms can only come later when you're sure they won't laugh if you trip." - Jonathan Carroll
"It is a curious thought, but it is only when you see people looking ridiculous that you realize just how much you love them." - Agatha Christie
"Love is all we have, the only way that each can help the other." - Euripides
"Finally I have found a place into which I fit perfectly, safely, and securely with no doubts, fears, sadness, or tears. This place is filled with happiness and laughter, yet it is spacious enough to allow me the freedom to move around, to live my life, and to be myself. This wonderful place, which I never believed really existed, I have found finally in your arms, in your heart, in your love."
"'I love you' means that I accept you for the person that you are and that I do not wish to change you into someone else. It means that I do not expect perfection from you-just as you do not expect it from me. It means that I will love you and stand by you even through the worst of times. It means loving you when you're in a bad mood or too tired to do the things I want to do. It means loving you when you're down-not just when you're fun to be with. 'I love you' means that I know your deepest secrets and do not judge you for them-asking in return only that you do not judge me for mine. It means that I care enough to fight for what we have and that I love enough not to let go. It means thinking of you, dreaming of you, wanting and needing you constantly, and hoping that you feel the same way for me."
"I love him not for what he is, but for what I am when I am with him; I love him for the part of me that he brings out."
"It's funny how big of an impact you have on me. It's like when I see you, you don't even have to speak, all you can do is smilsayings about lovee, and it can make my day, and that's how I remember my reasons for loving you."
“Love me when I least deserve it, because that's when I really need it.” - Swedish Proverb
“If you live to be a hundred, I want to live to be a hundred minus one day so I never have to live without you.” - A. A. Milne
“I love you, and because I love you, I would sooner have you hate me for telling you the truth than adore me for telling you lies.” - Pietro Aretino
“I love you not only for what you are, but for what I am when I am with you. I love you not only for what you have made of yourself, but for what you are making of me. I love you for the part of me that you bring out.” - Roy Croft
“For it was not into my ear you whispered, but into my heart. It was not my lips you kissed, but my soul.” - Judy Garland
Here are some of my favorites:
If you love somebody, let them go, for if they return, there were always yours. And if they don't, they never were.
True love isn't about finding the perfect person, but seeing the imperfect person perfectly.
Love is like an hour glass, with the heart filling up as the brain empties.
To love is to receive a glimpse of heaven.
Real love expects nothing in return.
Nothing costs as much as loving - except not loving.
马克 Twain
Love seems the swiftest, but it is the slowest of all growths. No man or woman really knows what perfect love is until they have been married a quarter of a century.
Katherine Hepburn
Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then.
William Shakespeare
I love thee, I love but thee
With a love that shall not die
Till the sun grows cold
And the stars grow old.
"Love means never having to say you're sorry."
"Love is patient and kind."
"Love begins as a cocoon and then becomes the butterfly."
For some quotes on life, see www.alternativeeducationbible.com
Kahlil Gibran:
If you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work.
mind over matter, if you don't mind then it doesn't matter
Marriage is grand, Divorce is 20 gran
Love is never having to say you're sorry..from "Love Story"...
google earth secretsDoes anyone know any secrets for google Earth?
Ok. So i have google earth and i hear from my friends about alot of bugs there. Do any of you know some bugs?
I do not.
Indian Head - 50° 0'38.20"N 110° 6'48.32"W
Mayan guy: 19°56'58.08"S 69°38'2.25"W
Lady's Head - 50°google earth secrets 0'36.09"N, 110° 6'35.17"W
Swastika Building - 32°40'37.25"N, 117° 9'22.02"W
White Building - 25°57'0.39"N, 97° 8'48.34"W
Giant bug: 48°51'28.95"N 10°12'17.88"E
Korean Ship: 35° 9'18.21"N 129° 8'5 google earth secrets
I do not.
Indian Head - 50° 0'38.20"N 110° 6'48.32"W
Mayan guy: 19°56'58.08"S 69°38'2.25"W
Lady's Head - 50°google earth secrets 0'36.09"N, 110° 6'35.17"W
Swastika Building - 32°40'37.25"N, 117° 9'22.02"W
White Building - 25°57'0.39"N, 97° 8'48.34"W
Giant bug: 48°51'28.95"N 10°12'17.88"E
Korean Ship: 35° 9'18.21"N 129° 8'5 google earth secrets
wise statements about lifeCan somebody make up an aphorisms for me because i really cant make one?
An aphorism is a brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life
and don't just get one from the internet it has to be made up
It's never too late to be what you might have become.
Age wrinkles the body; quitting wrinkles the soul.
Easy street is a blind alley.
Life is a flower for which love is the honey.
Things turn out best for the peoplwise statements about lifee who make the best out of the way things turn out.
Success is a journey, not a destination.
The way you do your work is a portrait of yourself.
When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile.
Half our life is spent trying to find something to do with the time we have rushed through life trying to save.
You can't dwise statements about lifeirect the wind, but you can adjust your sail.
An idiot believes everything he is told; a genius believes everything he tells himself!
Or,
A fool and his money are soon parted, especially when his mistress starts charging him!
You can use it in your homework anyways, you didn't make it up, you got it from the internet at www.answers.yahoo.com
and don't just get one from the internet it has to be made up
It's never too late to be what you might have become.
Age wrinkles the body; quitting wrinkles the soul.
Easy street is a blind alley.
Life is a flower for which love is the honey.
Things turn out best for the peoplwise statements about lifee who make the best out of the way things turn out.
Success is a journey, not a destination.
The way you do your work is a portrait of yourself.
When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile.
Half our life is spent trying to find something to do with the time we have rushed through life trying to save.
You can't dwise statements about lifeirect the wind, but you can adjust your sail.
An idiot believes everything he is told; a genius believes everything he tells himself!
Or,
A fool and his money are soon parted, especially when his mistress starts charging him!
You can use it in your homework anyways, you didn't make it up, you got it from the internet at www.answers.yahoo.com
play sneezeWhy do the dogs sneeze when they play?
Whenever our dogs play together (mini doxies), they will both frequently take breaks to have sneezing fits and then continue. I was just curious if anybody knew why.
This behavior is not common to most dogs, but some do use a "play sneeze" gestuplay sneezere to show excitement and/or to indicate that they'd like to play. It's like a play bow. It can also be interpreted as a calming signal, albeit a pretty uncommon one. You can learn more about calming signals here:
And a smidgen more about the "play sneeze;play sneeze" here:
Lol which I could help ya. Just imagining two mini doxies saying "Time out, time out. Gotta sneeze. Okay I'm back in."
My dog sneezes when she plays too, maybe they just do it when excited.
This behavior is not common to most dogs, but some do use a "play sneeze" gestuplay sneezere to show excitement and/or to indicate that they'd like to play. It's like a play bow. It can also be interpreted as a calming signal, albeit a pretty uncommon one. You can learn more about calming signals here:
And a smidgen more about the "play sneeze;play sneeze" here:
Lol which I could help ya. Just imagining two mini doxies saying "Time out, time out. Gotta sneeze. Okay I'm back in."
My dog sneezes when she plays too, maybe they just do it when excited.
big wave the bookHow to write a conclusion?
I am writing a 5 paragraph essay on a book (The Big Wave) 3 main ideas and the intro and conclusion. I am horrible at conclusions, do you have any tips on writing then?
Writing an effective conclusion is one of the most important parts of yobig wave the bookur essay. Try some of the tips and examples at I am sure that they will inspire a creative ending.
I think I know the book.
In your conclusion, write in at least three sentences
1. The gist of the book " In conclusion, blabla is big wave the bookthe story of blabla"
2. Its philosophic elements (in short).
3. Your general thoughts about its impact and meaning.
a conclusion should include your topic sentence and your opinion, it should also summarize your main ideas :P
Writing an effective conclusion is one of the most important parts of yobig wave the bookur essay. Try some of the tips and examples at I am sure that they will inspire a creative ending.
I think I know the book.
In your conclusion, write in at least three sentences
1. The gist of the book " In conclusion, blabla is big wave the bookthe story of blabla"
2. Its philosophic elements (in short).
3. Your general thoughts about its impact and meaning.
a conclusion should include your topic sentence and your opinion, it should also summarize your main ideas :P
styles p mixtapes jadakissBuy or Sell: Styles P > Jadakiss > Sheek Louch? (BQs)?
BQ: Does anyone here go on datpiff.com? It's a pretty good site for findin' dope mixtapes.
BQ2: Which of The Game's albums is your favourite?
^ what he said
Sell.... Jada > Styles > Sheek, theyre all very underrated tho
BQ- I prefer Livemixtapes.com
BQ2- Doctors Advocate
sell id switch Jada and Styles.
BQ- yeah man, i think ive spent more time on datpiff in the last year then talking to my family...
BQ2- Documentary, really hoping his new one is gonna be good.
@dusty, if you like styles p alot, i dont know if you herard this mixtape but i think this is his best....
Jadakiss is way better so sell, jadakiss has the lyrical flow and the ability to still make hits which istyles p mixtapes jadakisss hard to do.
BQ: Yeah, I do.
BQ: The Documentary
the game?? you mean that rapper that has five hundred 50 diss songs?? i dont listen to that crap anymore, i love the west coast but that rapper is not on my itunes
P is BY FAR the best member of The Lox.
You people are creeps.
Sell, Jada is a beast
Sometimes, I'm more getrightmusic.com, but datpiff is a better site, I just can't be bothered going through the extra AV儿劣* they put in
Don't listen to the Game
Sell.
Jadakiss>Styles P>Sheek Louch
BQ1:All the time, only place I get mixtapes from
BQ2: The Documentary, although I really hope will be RED even better (although I doubt it)
^ Ditto @ K. Wright or w/e hes calling himself nostyles p mixtapes jadakissw...hes always changin his name up, ima just call him diddy or puffy, or puff daddy or p.diddy.
xept Styles > Jada
do you ever sleep dusty?
Sell– Jadakiss > Styles P > Sheek
BQ: Yeah, I do.
BQ: The Documentary
thatcrack and icecreamtapes are way better than datpiff for mixtapes
I think I'm going to have to agree with mostly everyone else and say SELL ... Jadakiss > Styles P > Sheek Louch
BQ: I don't, but maybe I'll check it out - Thanks
BQ2: Don't listen to The Game whatsoever.
Sorry, my BQ's sucked haha.
NOOOO,IT'S MORE LIKE THIS.... Drake > Styles P > Jadakiss > Sheek Louch
BQ2: Which of The Game's albums is your favourite?
^ what he said
Sell.... Jada > Styles > Sheek, theyre all very underrated tho
BQ- I prefer Livemixtapes.com
BQ2- Doctors Advocate
sell id switch Jada and Styles.
BQ- yeah man, i think ive spent more time on datpiff in the last year then talking to my family...
BQ2- Documentary, really hoping his new one is gonna be good.
@dusty, if you like styles p alot, i dont know if you herard this mixtape but i think this is his best....
Jadakiss is way better so sell, jadakiss has the lyrical flow and the ability to still make hits which istyles p mixtapes jadakisss hard to do.
BQ: Yeah, I do.
BQ: The Documentary
the game?? you mean that rapper that has five hundred 50 diss songs?? i dont listen to that crap anymore, i love the west coast but that rapper is not on my itunes
P is BY FAR the best member of The Lox.
You people are creeps.
Sell, Jada is a beast
Sometimes, I'm more getrightmusic.com, but datpiff is a better site, I just can't be bothered going through the extra AV儿劣* they put in
Don't listen to the Game
Sell.
Jadakiss>Styles P>Sheek Louch
BQ1:All the time, only place I get mixtapes from
BQ2: The Documentary, although I really hope will be RED even better (although I doubt it)
^ Ditto @ K. Wright or w/e hes calling himself nostyles p mixtapes jadakissw...hes always changin his name up, ima just call him diddy or puffy, or puff daddy or p.diddy.
xept Styles > Jada
do you ever sleep dusty?
Sell– Jadakiss > Styles P > Sheek
BQ: Yeah, I do.
BQ: The Documentary
thatcrack and icecreamtapes are way better than datpiff for mixtapes
I think I'm going to have to agree with mostly everyone else and say SELL ... Jadakiss > Styles P > Sheek Louch
BQ: I don't, but maybe I'll check it out - Thanks
BQ2: Don't listen to The Game whatsoever.
Sorry, my BQ's sucked haha.
NOOOO,IT'S MORE LIKE THIS.... Drake > Styles P > Jadakiss > Sheek Louch
free bordersHow do i put pretty borders around paper? any links to free borders?
I am working on a poem and I need to put a border around it to make it prettyfree borders. Anybody know of a place to find free borders? I need it to be pretty and brfree bordersight. Please help!
from the above lot only the first one is appropriatefree borders
from the above lot only the first one is appropriatefree borders
weird interview questions answersAre my answers to these job interview questions stupid or weird, or are they good?
Be completely honest, and feel free to offer suggestions. I'm a teenager girl interviewing at Chick-Fila today....thanks!
Tell me about yourself?
I've been going to community college for a year now, and i'm not quite sure what i want to study yet. While in highschool I had a paper-route and babysat alot.
Why did you leave your last job?
This would be my first job.
What qualities do you look for in a boss?
Organised and kind
Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?
Yes
Would you be willing to relocate if required?
Yes
Why do you think you would do well at this job.
I'm reliable, easy to get along with, and willing to work
What motivates you?
Achieving my goals, and moving forward in life
What are your salary expectations?
I'm open to whatever? (Or should i say a specific amount)
What are your goals for the next five years / ten years? How do you plan to achieve those goals?
I hope to have graduated college with a degree i'm very interested in, and working in a place where i'm happy
Whweird interview questions answersat kind of person would you refuse to work with?
I would not refuse to work with anyone
Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
In school, i have had deadlines where i have to get projects and assignments done, and it would get stressful...but i manage to get through those and get them turned on in time
Tell me about a time that you participated in a team, what was your role?
Again, at school i have worked on group projects or have had lab parteners....and it has always been important to me to play my part and contribute to whatever project we're working on.
Do you prefer to work independently or on a team?
Probably a team, but i'm happy with either
What kind of contribution will you make to our company?
I will make great efforts to offer friendly customer service, be a good and positive team-player and to always be ready to work on time.
What interests you most about this job?
Whenever i come here, all of the employees seem really nice, as well as the enviorment. And I also like how it is a Christian-weird interview questions answersbased company.
How do you deal with conflict?
Calmly, and professionally
Why should we hire you?
Again, i'm very prompt and reliable. Always looking for extra work i can do. And i will try my best to provide a friendly enviorment.
Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute between others.
I don't know how to respond to this one??? :/ Help
What is your greatest strength/weakness?
My greatest strengths would be that i'm determined, easy to get along with, and keep a positive attitude even under stressful situations.
My weaknesses would be that sometimes i take on too much by myself, and over which have lost a lot of their meaning, you are also not specific. Yes you should have said the exact dollar amount you want to earn.
You could have used specific examples to back up your claims because we can all say that we are reliable, hardworking, respectful, responsible, positive, easy to get along with, determined, they hear that in every interview.
Tell me about yourself?
I've been going to community college for a year now, and i'm not quite sure what i want to study yet. While in highschool I had a paper-route and babysat alot.
Why did you leave your last job?
This would be my first job.
What qualities do you look for in a boss?
Organised and kind
Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?
Yes
Would you be willing to relocate if required?
Yes
Why do you think you would do well at this job.
I'm reliable, easy to get along with, and willing to work
What motivates you?
Achieving my goals, and moving forward in life
What are your salary expectations?
I'm open to whatever? (Or should i say a specific amount)
What are your goals for the next five years / ten years? How do you plan to achieve those goals?
I hope to have graduated college with a degree i'm very interested in, and working in a place where i'm happy
Whweird interview questions answersat kind of person would you refuse to work with?
I would not refuse to work with anyone
Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
In school, i have had deadlines where i have to get projects and assignments done, and it would get stressful...but i manage to get through those and get them turned on in time
Tell me about a time that you participated in a team, what was your role?
Again, at school i have worked on group projects or have had lab parteners....and it has always been important to me to play my part and contribute to whatever project we're working on.
Do you prefer to work independently or on a team?
Probably a team, but i'm happy with either
What kind of contribution will you make to our company?
I will make great efforts to offer friendly customer service, be a good and positive team-player and to always be ready to work on time.
What interests you most about this job?
Whenever i come here, all of the employees seem really nice, as well as the enviorment. And I also like how it is a Christian-weird interview questions answersbased company.
How do you deal with conflict?
Calmly, and professionally
Why should we hire you?
Again, i'm very prompt and reliable. Always looking for extra work i can do. And i will try my best to provide a friendly enviorment.
Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute between others.
I don't know how to respond to this one??? :/ Help
What is your greatest strength/weakness?
My greatest strengths would be that i'm determined, easy to get along with, and keep a positive attitude even under stressful situations.
My weaknesses would be that sometimes i take on too much by myself, and over which have lost a lot of their meaning, you are also not specific. Yes you should have said the exact dollar amount you want to earn.
You could have used specific examples to back up your claims because we can all say that we are reliable, hardworking, respectful, responsible, positive, easy to get along with, determined, they hear that in every interview.
watchers of the watchtowerWatchtower: Occult origins?
A Watchtower is a spirit guardian of one of the four cardinal points in both ceremonial magic and the neopagan religion of Wicca.
Alternately, the Watchtowers are the abodes of the guardians.
Often believed to represent the four elements, the Watchtowers are invoked during ritual to cast the magic circle.
In many Wicca and Witchcraft systems the Watchtowers are evocational symbols of spiritual beings known as the Watchers or the Grigori
In archaic Roman religion, small towers were built at the crossroads, and an altar was set before them upon which offerings were given to nature spirits. Guardian spirits known as Lares were associated with these towers and with demarcation in general, as well as seasonal themes related to agriculture [1]. Here we may find a connection between the Lares and the Grigori of Italian Witchcraft. These towers may be the foundation of the "Watchtowers" appearing in the ritual circles of Wiccans and other modern witches.
In the Enochian system of magic, brought to public attention by Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelly in the 16th century, we find the inclusion of Watchtowers as complex evocational designs.
According to Dee’s diaries, the two men summoned an angel, which Kelley saw in a watchers of the watchtowermagic stone; Dee recorded the revelations which Kelley narrated to him. Among the surviving records of the Angelic Operations is A Book of Supplications and Invocations which "deals with the Invocation of the Angels who preside over the Four Quarters of the Terrestrial sphere."
The Watchtowers were among the Golden Dawn concepts introduced into Wicca (modern witchcraft) by its founder Gerald Gardner. The complicated tablets and Enochian names were largely abandoned, but Wicca retained the Watchtowers as "the four cardinal points, regarded as guardians of the Magic Circle".[7] They are usually mentioned during the casting of the circle.
A place of lookout or post of observation, often built on a city wall. Other watchtowers were constructed in wilderness areas or on frontiers. They were principally designed for military purposes and served to protect a city or a boundary; they were also constructed as places of refuge for shepherds and farmers in isolated areas and enabled a watchman to warn of marauders so that flocks and ripening crops in the area might be protected.—2Ch 20:24; Isa 21:8; 32:14.
A number of cities were named Mizpeh (Heb., mits·peh′, “Watchtower”), probably because of being on high elevations or because of notablewatchers of the watchtower towers erected there. Sometimes the Bible distinguished these cities by naming their location, as “Mizpeh of Gilead” (Jg 11:29) and “Mizpeh in Moab.”—1Sa 22:3.
A pile of stones was set up by Jacob and called “Galeed” (meaning “Witness Heap”) and “The Watchtower.” Laban then said: “Let Jehovah keep watch between me and you when we are situated unseen the one from the other.” (Ge 31:45-49) This pile of stones would testify to the fact that Jehovah was watching to see that Jacob and Laban carried out their covenant of peace.
perhaps a watchtower is just a place where someone watches from to get a better view of what is going on around them and does not have any other meaning than that!
I'm not quite sure what your question is. The term "watchtower" certainly is used in a variety of occult paths, but the term has other, older meanings as well. A watchtower was originally a tower from which people watched, generally sentries of some sort.
Isn't The Watchtower that little pamphlet the Jehovah's pass out ?
Actually, the original Gardnerian circle has no mention of watchtowers. The addition of Enochian (and thus Abrahamic) magic is later in Wicca.
...and some of us never incorporated it, tyvm.
Alternately, the Watchtowers are the abodes of the guardians.
Often believed to represent the four elements, the Watchtowers are invoked during ritual to cast the magic circle.
In many Wicca and Witchcraft systems the Watchtowers are evocational symbols of spiritual beings known as the Watchers or the Grigori
In archaic Roman religion, small towers were built at the crossroads, and an altar was set before them upon which offerings were given to nature spirits. Guardian spirits known as Lares were associated with these towers and with demarcation in general, as well as seasonal themes related to agriculture [1]. Here we may find a connection between the Lares and the Grigori of Italian Witchcraft. These towers may be the foundation of the "Watchtowers" appearing in the ritual circles of Wiccans and other modern witches.
In the Enochian system of magic, brought to public attention by Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelly in the 16th century, we find the inclusion of Watchtowers as complex evocational designs.
According to Dee’s diaries, the two men summoned an angel, which Kelley saw in a watchers of the watchtowermagic stone; Dee recorded the revelations which Kelley narrated to him. Among the surviving records of the Angelic Operations is A Book of Supplications and Invocations which "deals with the Invocation of the Angels who preside over the Four Quarters of the Terrestrial sphere."
The Watchtowers were among the Golden Dawn concepts introduced into Wicca (modern witchcraft) by its founder Gerald Gardner. The complicated tablets and Enochian names were largely abandoned, but Wicca retained the Watchtowers as "the four cardinal points, regarded as guardians of the Magic Circle".[7] They are usually mentioned during the casting of the circle.
A place of lookout or post of observation, often built on a city wall. Other watchtowers were constructed in wilderness areas or on frontiers. They were principally designed for military purposes and served to protect a city or a boundary; they were also constructed as places of refuge for shepherds and farmers in isolated areas and enabled a watchman to warn of marauders so that flocks and ripening crops in the area might be protected.—2Ch 20:24; Isa 21:8; 32:14.
A number of cities were named Mizpeh (Heb., mits·peh′, “Watchtower”), probably because of being on high elevations or because of notablewatchers of the watchtower towers erected there. Sometimes the Bible distinguished these cities by naming their location, as “Mizpeh of Gilead” (Jg 11:29) and “Mizpeh in Moab.”—1Sa 22:3.
A pile of stones was set up by Jacob and called “Galeed” (meaning “Witness Heap”) and “The Watchtower.” Laban then said: “Let Jehovah keep watch between me and you when we are situated unseen the one from the other.” (Ge 31:45-49) This pile of stones would testify to the fact that Jehovah was watching to see that Jacob and Laban carried out their covenant of peace.
perhaps a watchtower is just a place where someone watches from to get a better view of what is going on around them and does not have any other meaning than that!
I'm not quite sure what your question is. The term "watchtower" certainly is used in a variety of occult paths, but the term has other, older meanings as well. A watchtower was originally a tower from which people watched, generally sentries of some sort.
Isn't The Watchtower that little pamphlet the Jehovah's pass out ?
Actually, the original Gardnerian circle has no mention of watchtowers. The addition of Enochian (and thus Abrahamic) magic is later in Wicca.
...and some of us never incorporated it, tyvm.
let it be lyrics kris allenCan you recommend some good music?
I live in a little musical hole, meaning that I don't listen to a whole lot of music. For example, my iPod currently holds only about 150 songs. . . So I was wondering if you could recommend some good music. My favorite genres are pop, rock, and R&B and soul. Here's a tiny sample of what I listen to (my favorite songs) :
So Close - Jon McLaughlin
Keep Holding On - Avril Lavigne
Reflection - Christina Aguilera
Time of My Life - David Cook
No Boundaries - Kris Allen
Home - Chris Daughtry
Put Your Records On - Corrine Bailey Rae
Climb - Miley Cyrus (this is the only Miley Cyrus song I like!)
These are just a few.
Now that you know a little of what I DO listen to, I guess I'd better let you know what I DON'T. I don't listen to any rap or heavy metal. I don't care for some of the music at the top of the charts like Lady Gaga and the Black Eyed Peas because I don't like that style. I'm not a huge fan of country.
And I will not, under any circumstances, listen to a song with cussing in it. To me, music is something that youlet it be lyrics kris allen should be able to sing along to, and since I do my best in life not to cuss, I wouldn't want to sing it! Also, lyrics are important to me; I won't listen to a song with bad lyrics.
Sorry if I seem picky. That's just the way I am. . . So, based on what I've given you, can you recommend some good music that I might like? Thank you so much!!!
What About Now - Daughtry
Letters From The Sky - Civil Twilight
Always Running Out Of Time - Motion City Soundtrack
Cherry Bomb - The Runaways / Dakota Fanning and Kristen Stewart
Sound of Pulling Heaven Down - Blue October
The Man Who Can't Be Moved -The Script
Show Me What I'm Looking For - Carolina Liar
Thunder - Boys Like Girls
Just So You Know - Jesse McCartney
Flightless Bird, American Mouth - Iron & Wine
Candy - Paolo Nutini
Vindicated - Dashboard Confessional
Forever - Fireflight
Leave Out All The Rest - Linkin Park
Check Yes Juliet (Run 宝贝疙瘩 Run) - We the Kings
Amy --> There were some songs on there that I really, really liked. My favorite, I think, was Forever by Filet it be lyrics kris allenreflight. I also listened to some of their other songs, and they're really good. Thanks for introducing them to me; I had never heard of them before! You deserve your 10 points! ;)
Try Matt Wertz, Matt Nathanson, Paolo Nutini, Kate Voegele or Imogen Heap :) :)
These are my top songs:
The Suspicious minds -Elvis Presly
Youll never find another love like mine -Lou Rawls
Getcha back -Beach boys
Chick habit- April March
Call me -Blondie
anything by
Muse
The Killers
The Beatles
Flightless Bird, American Bird by Iron and Wine
you sound like me when it comes to music :P
oh yeah and owl city
Justin Beiber- 宝贝疙瘩, One Time, One Less Lonely Girl, and Never Let You Go
The Beatles
;O nevershoutnever! they are really good o_O
forever young-jay z and mr hudson
I think that is pretty good, I only have 61 songs.
oh please whatever you do. do NOT listen to that justin bieber kid....oh god...:p
So Close - Jon McLaughlin
Keep Holding On - Avril Lavigne
Reflection - Christina Aguilera
Time of My Life - David Cook
No Boundaries - Kris Allen
Home - Chris Daughtry
Put Your Records On - Corrine Bailey Rae
Climb - Miley Cyrus (this is the only Miley Cyrus song I like!)
These are just a few.
Now that you know a little of what I DO listen to, I guess I'd better let you know what I DON'T. I don't listen to any rap or heavy metal. I don't care for some of the music at the top of the charts like Lady Gaga and the Black Eyed Peas because I don't like that style. I'm not a huge fan of country.
And I will not, under any circumstances, listen to a song with cussing in it. To me, music is something that youlet it be lyrics kris allen should be able to sing along to, and since I do my best in life not to cuss, I wouldn't want to sing it! Also, lyrics are important to me; I won't listen to a song with bad lyrics.
Sorry if I seem picky. That's just the way I am. . . So, based on what I've given you, can you recommend some good music that I might like? Thank you so much!!!
What About Now - Daughtry
Letters From The Sky - Civil Twilight
Always Running Out Of Time - Motion City Soundtrack
Cherry Bomb - The Runaways / Dakota Fanning and Kristen Stewart
Sound of Pulling Heaven Down - Blue October
The Man Who Can't Be Moved -The Script
Show Me What I'm Looking For - Carolina Liar
Thunder - Boys Like Girls
Just So You Know - Jesse McCartney
Flightless Bird, American Mouth - Iron & Wine
Candy - Paolo Nutini
Vindicated - Dashboard Confessional
Forever - Fireflight
Leave Out All The Rest - Linkin Park
Check Yes Juliet (Run 宝贝疙瘩 Run) - We the Kings
Amy --> There were some songs on there that I really, really liked. My favorite, I think, was Forever by Filet it be lyrics kris allenreflight. I also listened to some of their other songs, and they're really good. Thanks for introducing them to me; I had never heard of them before! You deserve your 10 points! ;)
Try Matt Wertz, Matt Nathanson, Paolo Nutini, Kate Voegele or Imogen Heap :) :)
These are my top songs:
The Suspicious minds -Elvis Presly
Youll never find another love like mine -Lou Rawls
Getcha back -Beach boys
Chick habit- April March
Call me -Blondie
anything by
Muse
The Killers
The Beatles
Flightless Bird, American Bird by Iron and Wine
you sound like me when it comes to music :P
oh yeah and owl city
Justin Beiber- 宝贝疙瘩, One Time, One Less Lonely Girl, and Never Let You Go
The Beatles
;O nevershoutnever! they are really good o_O
forever young-jay z and mr hudson
I think that is pretty good, I only have 61 songs.
oh please whatever you do. do NOT listen to that justin bieber kid....oh god...:p
what are whiskers forWhat are cat whiskers for?
Why do cats have all those whiskers all over their face? I'm a bad person, but I couldn't handle the curiosity and cut all of them off the right side of my cat's face. But it didn't seem to affect him at all. And they are growing back quit nicely. But really, what are they for?
A cat has about twenty-four movable whiskers, twelve on each side of its nose (some cat's may have more). Whiskers are more than twice as thick as ordinary hairs, and their roots are set three times deeper than hairs in a cat's tissue. Richly supplied with nerve endings, whiskers give cats extraordinarily detailed information about air movements, air pressure and anything they touch.
The scientific word for whiskers is vibrissae, a name that suggests their exquisite sensitivity to vibrations in air currents. As air swirls and eddies around objects, whiskers vibrate too. Cats use messages in these vibrations to sense the presence, size, and shape of obstacles without seeing or touching them. Whiskers are also good hunting tools. A cat whose whiskers have been damaged may bite the wrong part of awhat are whiskers for mouse it's attacking, indicating that signals from these delicate structures provide cats with vital information about the shape and activity of its prey - interestingly, whiskers also help cats smell odours.
hey..thanks! thats good. i also think it effects different cats in different ways. :)
Beside being a bad person you are an idiot. Cats use their whiskers to measure a space to see if the space is big enough for them to get through.. I just hope no one gets curious to see if you have a brain.
I think it is so that they can determine whether they will get stuck in a hole/doorway/crawlway, etc., if they were to enter. The whiskers touch the sides of the "squeeze" and through those they can sense the size of the space and whether their body can maneuver safely in that size opening. It's a safety thing.
it helps them feel around in the dark
For balance and eyesight. They cant see very well.
Mizz Know It sure doesn't know it. Cats have really good eyesight and they have really good balance because if they fall off a what are whiskers fortree they land on their feet. Whiskers are too sense where their going in the dark because cats are nocturnal.
They are for balance and they also help them feel out things since their sight isnt to great
First of all, why would you cut your cat's whiskers off not knowing what can happen to him or her.
Second, cats whiskers are for feeling and balance. They use them at night to feel around and see if they can fit in small places (ever notice that your cats whiskers are about as long as the width of your cat?), so they don't get stuck.
cats whiskers are for seeing at night, they are not eyes, but show the cat where there might be a dead end, whiskers are for feeling
to protect them from fukkin desieses
They are used for sensing things and they are very important.
Cats use their whiskers for when there awake in the night , they use thir whiskers to sense if the opening is big enough for them to go through . like if a crack in the wall is big enough for them to get through. and they also use their whiskers for balance
A cat has about twenty-four movable whiskers, twelve on each side of its nose (some cat's may have more). Whiskers are more than twice as thick as ordinary hairs, and their roots are set three times deeper than hairs in a cat's tissue. Richly supplied with nerve endings, whiskers give cats extraordinarily detailed information about air movements, air pressure and anything they touch.
The scientific word for whiskers is vibrissae, a name that suggests their exquisite sensitivity to vibrations in air currents. As air swirls and eddies around objects, whiskers vibrate too. Cats use messages in these vibrations to sense the presence, size, and shape of obstacles without seeing or touching them. Whiskers are also good hunting tools. A cat whose whiskers have been damaged may bite the wrong part of awhat are whiskers for mouse it's attacking, indicating that signals from these delicate structures provide cats with vital information about the shape and activity of its prey - interestingly, whiskers also help cats smell odours.
hey..thanks! thats good. i also think it effects different cats in different ways. :)
Beside being a bad person you are an idiot. Cats use their whiskers to measure a space to see if the space is big enough for them to get through.. I just hope no one gets curious to see if you have a brain.
I think it is so that they can determine whether they will get stuck in a hole/doorway/crawlway, etc., if they were to enter. The whiskers touch the sides of the "squeeze" and through those they can sense the size of the space and whether their body can maneuver safely in that size opening. It's a safety thing.
it helps them feel around in the dark
For balance and eyesight. They cant see very well.
Mizz Know It sure doesn't know it. Cats have really good eyesight and they have really good balance because if they fall off a what are whiskers fortree they land on their feet. Whiskers are too sense where their going in the dark because cats are nocturnal.
They are for balance and they also help them feel out things since their sight isnt to great
First of all, why would you cut your cat's whiskers off not knowing what can happen to him or her.
Second, cats whiskers are for feeling and balance. They use them at night to feel around and see if they can fit in small places (ever notice that your cats whiskers are about as long as the width of your cat?), so they don't get stuck.
cats whiskers are for seeing at night, they are not eyes, but show the cat where there might be a dead end, whiskers are for feeling
to protect them from fukkin desieses
They are used for sensing things and they are very important.
Cats use their whiskers for when there awake in the night , they use thir whiskers to sense if the opening is big enough for them to go through . like if a crack in the wall is big enough for them to get through. and they also use their whiskers for balance
angry quotesWhat are some angry quotes that start off like this Thanks to people like you ... ? and thanks.?
Im just angry and need a quotes fast thanks again. Peace Out !
Thanks to people like you our lakes and river are polluted with toxic waste that could kill a hippo!
Thanks to you my child will be forever scarred for life!!!
Thanks for acting like you actually cared!
thanks for actually AV儿劣AV儿劣* up my life anymore than it was!!!! (sorry bout the language it was a supposed to be dramatic)
congratulations really thank you for succeeding in doing absolutely nothing nice for me!
i got a liangry quotesttle angry while writing this. he he he he! have fun with it!
Now im driven to be ten times better than you think you are. Piece by piece i've built my wall and burn bridges down that lead to people like you.
When you mess with one part of a person's life, you're messing with their entire life.
''Thanks for calling me ugly and fat in front of people...and thanks again cause I've learned not to listen to you'' lol I made this up in middle school cause there was this one girl caangry quoteslling me fat and ugly I and obviously I wasn't x_x.
''For every minute you are angry you loose sixty minutes of happiness''
''Sometimes I'm angry, and I have a right to be angry but that doesn't give me a right to be cruel''
''Holding on to anger is like grasping onto hot coal and throwing it at someone else;you are the one who gets burned''
Thanks to people like you our lakes and river are polluted with toxic waste that could kill a hippo!
Thanks to you my child will be forever scarred for life!!!
Thanks for acting like you actually cared!
thanks for actually AV儿劣AV儿劣* up my life anymore than it was!!!! (sorry bout the language it was a supposed to be dramatic)
congratulations really thank you for succeeding in doing absolutely nothing nice for me!
i got a liangry quotesttle angry while writing this. he he he he! have fun with it!
Now im driven to be ten times better than you think you are. Piece by piece i've built my wall and burn bridges down that lead to people like you.
When you mess with one part of a person's life, you're messing with their entire life.
''Thanks for calling me ugly and fat in front of people...and thanks again cause I've learned not to listen to you'' lol I made this up in middle school cause there was this one girl caangry quoteslling me fat and ugly I and obviously I wasn't x_x.
''For every minute you are angry you loose sixty minutes of happiness''
''Sometimes I'm angry, and I have a right to be angry but that doesn't give me a right to be cruel''
''Holding on to anger is like grasping onto hot coal and throwing it at someone else;you are the one who gets burned''
good backstabbing quotesWhat Are Some Good Backstabbing Quotes That I Could Post On Facebook?
Okay, so I just found out today that my boyfriend wat making out with my best friend this morning..
Does anyone know any good quotes that relate to that topic?
“Don't bite the hand that stabs you in the back” - David Farber
“God save me from my friends - I can protect myself from my enemies.” - Proverb
“From the backstabbing co-worker to the meddling sister-in-law, you are in charge of how you react to the people and events in your life. You can either give negativity power over your life or you can choose happiness instead. Take control and choose to focus on what is important in your life. Those who cannot live fully often become destroyers of life.” - Anais Nin
“How bad does it have to get before people stgood backstabbing quotesop arguing and backstabbing?” - John Thomas
“That little backstabbing wench,” - James Miller
“I've learned in the last few days there are people up here who have no honor. This may get me down in the basement but I've been in the basement before: People have lied. They have done this in a back-stabbing, conniving way. It's good against evil.” - Sen. Nancy Argenziano
“This world is a scam of appearances. People who looks strict may be nice; yet a innocent looking person might just stab you in the back the next day” - wong si ying
“I'm sorry, Did my back hurt your knife?” - Madelin M.
“Everyone is putting a brave face, but things are not what they seem and there is the normal backstabbing.” - Peter Schmidtgood backstabbing quotes
“Gary helped Dennis, Dennis backstabbed Gary, ... He took advantage of a tragedy ... he saw an opportunity to win an election, and he did it.” - Gary Condit
JoW CONTINUES TO CHEAT! Here, JoW Has Used 16 Familiar RIGGED "VOTES" To Steal Another "Best Answer." JoW "Answered" With Stuff Taken From "Quotesdaddy." When The Question Went To Vote, Her RIGGED "VOTES" Showed Up. JoW IS A "Top Contributor" IN ONLY ONE CATEGORY: *CHEATING*!
-RetroRay
Don't waste your time, neither one of them are worth your energy. Focus your energy on something positive. The best revenge is a happy life.
Does anyone know any good quotes that relate to that topic?
“Don't bite the hand that stabs you in the back” - David Farber
“God save me from my friends - I can protect myself from my enemies.” - Proverb
“From the backstabbing co-worker to the meddling sister-in-law, you are in charge of how you react to the people and events in your life. You can either give negativity power over your life or you can choose happiness instead. Take control and choose to focus on what is important in your life. Those who cannot live fully often become destroyers of life.” - Anais Nin
“How bad does it have to get before people stgood backstabbing quotesop arguing and backstabbing?” - John Thomas
“That little backstabbing wench,” - James Miller
“I've learned in the last few days there are people up here who have no honor. This may get me down in the basement but I've been in the basement before: People have lied. They have done this in a back-stabbing, conniving way. It's good against evil.” - Sen. Nancy Argenziano
“This world is a scam of appearances. People who looks strict may be nice; yet a innocent looking person might just stab you in the back the next day” - wong si ying
“I'm sorry, Did my back hurt your knife?” - Madelin M.
“Everyone is putting a brave face, but things are not what they seem and there is the normal backstabbing.” - Peter Schmidtgood backstabbing quotes
“Gary helped Dennis, Dennis backstabbed Gary, ... He took advantage of a tragedy ... he saw an opportunity to win an election, and he did it.” - Gary Condit
JoW CONTINUES TO CHEAT! Here, JoW Has Used 16 Familiar RIGGED "VOTES" To Steal Another "Best Answer." JoW "Answered" With Stuff Taken From "Quotesdaddy." When The Question Went To Vote, Her RIGGED "VOTES" Showed Up. JoW IS A "Top Contributor" IN ONLY ONE CATEGORY: *CHEATING*!
-RetroRay
Don't waste your time, neither one of them are worth your energy. Focus your energy on something positive. The best revenge is a happy life.
funny inspirational quote of the dayFunny inspirational calendars or stationary?
I've been looking for some extremely funny inspirational calendar or such with quofunny inspirational quote of the daytes for every day, perhaps over the top religious jokes or something of that sort.funny inspirational quote of the day Post-it notes would be alright too. Help please!!
Well check this out...
Well check this out...
what do nightmares meanWhat do these recurring nightmares mean?
I am having these nightmares about my old high school being attacked my terrorists trying to blow it up and the only one who is able to save everyone is me. Plus in the dream I still go to said HS even though I am in college. Could it be because it is close to the 10th anniversary of 9/11 Or is it something else?
The first thing you need to know about nightmares is that they exist to get your attention. Every dream you have is about you, and every person, place and thing in your dream is you. They are symbols that illustrate the way you think,what do nightmares mean how you approach life, qualities you possess, etc. Dreams are messages to you that give feedback as to what you have done in your waking hours prior to having the dream. Therefore, when the dream messages go unheard and you truly need to heed them, your mind will speak loud and clear, giving you a nightmare that you will remember. If that nightmare carries the one message you really need, it can continue through the night even if you wake and return to sleep. Nightmares continue as long as you repeat the same fear-based imaginative wawhat do nightmares meany of doing things. Interpreting the meaning of the dream, and applying the message, makes it stop.
You may want to check out The Dreamer's Dictionary written by Dr. Barbara Condron. You can find more information about it at
I am glad this answer could help you.
It could be because 9/11 is coming up. To some people, dreams are only dreams. For other people, dreams mean much more, like seeing the future or premonitions. Dreams can be affected by what you watch, eat, do or think.
The first thing you need to know about nightmares is that they exist to get your attention. Every dream you have is about you, and every person, place and thing in your dream is you. They are symbols that illustrate the way you think,what do nightmares mean how you approach life, qualities you possess, etc. Dreams are messages to you that give feedback as to what you have done in your waking hours prior to having the dream. Therefore, when the dream messages go unheard and you truly need to heed them, your mind will speak loud and clear, giving you a nightmare that you will remember. If that nightmare carries the one message you really need, it can continue through the night even if you wake and return to sleep. Nightmares continue as long as you repeat the same fear-based imaginative wawhat do nightmares meany of doing things. Interpreting the meaning of the dream, and applying the message, makes it stop.
You may want to check out The Dreamer's Dictionary written by Dr. Barbara Condron. You can find more information about it at
I am glad this answer could help you.
It could be because 9/11 is coming up. To some people, dreams are only dreams. For other people, dreams mean much more, like seeing the future or premonitions. Dreams can be affected by what you watch, eat, do or think.
cats seeing spiritsCan dogs and cats see spirits?
If so how can you tell if they are good or bad?
Simplyth,yes in my opinion they can,animals are highly sensitive to any type of spiritual activity.I have had both cats and dogs alert me to it.Now an interesting site is on animal planet on line,type in The Haunted on animal planet.You can view some interesting things on there,I use to watch this show all of the time.Even horses can sense activity as well.I've had quite a few experiences over my life time that have turned me from a skeptic into a believer as these couldn't be recreated or debunked at all.
Tomb Raider
Ckalk another one up for P.T. Barnum!
They absolutely can! When my daughters were young, the 2 dogs would sleep with them. They would startle the girls when they'd be laying down and suddenly jump up and become intense, staring at and following this orb, that looked like the cherry of a cigarette, floating around the room. The girls would see it too. If it was during the day, the dogs would just follow it around the house. The dogs never growled or barked. We had an abundance of shadow people in that same house. Shadow people are quite fast, but there were a few times that they'd jump up and run down the hall to investigate, never putting out any sort of danger signs. My youngest daughter is almost 24, she's seen spirit children since she was 11. Her dog now sees them. The dog will just watch the girls, but growls and barks at the boys (spirits). My daughter has no bad feelings about the girls, but is very uncomfortable with the boys. So, yes, I believe dogs can sense if a spirit is good or bad.
No they cannot. Nothing can as there is actually no such thing. no real evidence has ever been presecats seeing spiritsnted in the history of the world anywhere that supports that they do.
The main reason the uneducated think that animals have this ability is they think that a cat or a dog thinks like a human. They do not. They think like a cat or a dog. As such things like spirits etc have no meaning as they are a man made illusion (much like God or Gods but that is something for another time). You see many humans think that because a dog will suddenly get up and go and bark at a wall for seemingly no reason, it is something of a paranormal origin. Not at all. It does this simply because they have heard (or some other heightened sense) something in their frequency that we cannot. If a cat suddenly jumps up and start hissing it means it has also smelt or seen (or some other heightened sense) something we cannot. This could be anything from a tiny mouse running across the room or people walking past that we cannot hear but the animal can.
That is all it is. An animal simply hears, sees and smells things differently to us and as a consequence, things we cannot understand about what they are doing and why.
No they can't, first of all there are no such things as spirits, secondly what many animals, dogs, cats and horses have, is the ability to sense fear and other emotions in humans as well as other animals.
I remember many years ago that when my mother visited me in a house where many of our family had lived and died, she was convinced that her dog could sense their spirits and the dog often became quite agitated.
What the dog was actually picking up was my mother's quite visible discomfort about being in the company of my ex wife.
Their ability to see spirits is equal to ours. But the spirit probably woncats seeing spirits't be afraid to reveal itself to an animal as much as to a human being. Its the same as if you were changing clothes in front of your pet. Its not awkward at all because they wouldn't give a crap.
i have always heard they could see spirits the same way young babies can, bad spirits your dog will just growl for no reason or run and hide, good spirits they may just wag there tail looking in that directions, cats are a bit harder..they will hiss for the bad and the good they just lay there
Bad dogs see good cats spirits and good dogs see bad cats spirits. Good cats see bad dogs spirits and bad cats don't give a damn about spirits.
I think it was something like that, don't remember exactly.
i don't know about seeing them exactly. but they definitely can sense the presence of spirits and humans with evil intent
normal good spirits are part of nature happen all the time. so alarm bells are not triggered
There's no evidence that animals can see spirits, people don't understand their pet's reactions so they make some story up to explain it.
Yes they can; unfortunately they freak out even if the spirit is good so is not too easy to tell when its a bad spirit.
I've seen my cat looking at spirits, so yes.
I don't think you can tell if they're good or bad from your cat or dog looking at them. Some cats hiss at good spirits and purr at bad ones.
no they cannot. not possible.
THEY CAN SENSE GOOD AND EVIL IN THE LIVING AS WELL AS THE DEAD.
yes most animals do
Yes they can! Only in Hollywood movies... ;)
Yes they can. I asked my friend's cat and dog and they told me so
yes they can. im an animal expert.
Simplyth,yes in my opinion they can,animals are highly sensitive to any type of spiritual activity.I have had both cats and dogs alert me to it.Now an interesting site is on animal planet on line,type in The Haunted on animal planet.You can view some interesting things on there,I use to watch this show all of the time.Even horses can sense activity as well.I've had quite a few experiences over my life time that have turned me from a skeptic into a believer as these couldn't be recreated or debunked at all.
Tomb Raider
Ckalk another one up for P.T. Barnum!
They absolutely can! When my daughters were young, the 2 dogs would sleep with them. They would startle the girls when they'd be laying down and suddenly jump up and become intense, staring at and following this orb, that looked like the cherry of a cigarette, floating around the room. The girls would see it too. If it was during the day, the dogs would just follow it around the house. The dogs never growled or barked. We had an abundance of shadow people in that same house. Shadow people are quite fast, but there were a few times that they'd jump up and run down the hall to investigate, never putting out any sort of danger signs. My youngest daughter is almost 24, she's seen spirit children since she was 11. Her dog now sees them. The dog will just watch the girls, but growls and barks at the boys (spirits). My daughter has no bad feelings about the girls, but is very uncomfortable with the boys. So, yes, I believe dogs can sense if a spirit is good or bad.
No they cannot. Nothing can as there is actually no such thing. no real evidence has ever been presecats seeing spiritsnted in the history of the world anywhere that supports that they do.
The main reason the uneducated think that animals have this ability is they think that a cat or a dog thinks like a human. They do not. They think like a cat or a dog. As such things like spirits etc have no meaning as they are a man made illusion (much like God or Gods but that is something for another time). You see many humans think that because a dog will suddenly get up and go and bark at a wall for seemingly no reason, it is something of a paranormal origin. Not at all. It does this simply because they have heard (or some other heightened sense) something in their frequency that we cannot. If a cat suddenly jumps up and start hissing it means it has also smelt or seen (or some other heightened sense) something we cannot. This could be anything from a tiny mouse running across the room or people walking past that we cannot hear but the animal can.
That is all it is. An animal simply hears, sees and smells things differently to us and as a consequence, things we cannot understand about what they are doing and why.
No they can't, first of all there are no such things as spirits, secondly what many animals, dogs, cats and horses have, is the ability to sense fear and other emotions in humans as well as other animals.
I remember many years ago that when my mother visited me in a house where many of our family had lived and died, she was convinced that her dog could sense their spirits and the dog often became quite agitated.
What the dog was actually picking up was my mother's quite visible discomfort about being in the company of my ex wife.
Their ability to see spirits is equal to ours. But the spirit probably woncats seeing spirits't be afraid to reveal itself to an animal as much as to a human being. Its the same as if you were changing clothes in front of your pet. Its not awkward at all because they wouldn't give a crap.
i have always heard they could see spirits the same way young babies can, bad spirits your dog will just growl for no reason or run and hide, good spirits they may just wag there tail looking in that directions, cats are a bit harder..they will hiss for the bad and the good they just lay there
Bad dogs see good cats spirits and good dogs see bad cats spirits. Good cats see bad dogs spirits and bad cats don't give a damn about spirits.
I think it was something like that, don't remember exactly.
i don't know about seeing them exactly. but they definitely can sense the presence of spirits and humans with evil intent
normal good spirits are part of nature happen all the time. so alarm bells are not triggered
There's no evidence that animals can see spirits, people don't understand their pet's reactions so they make some story up to explain it.
Yes they can; unfortunately they freak out even if the spirit is good so is not too easy to tell when its a bad spirit.
I've seen my cat looking at spirits, so yes.
I don't think you can tell if they're good or bad from your cat or dog looking at them. Some cats hiss at good spirits and purr at bad ones.
no they cannot. not possible.
THEY CAN SENSE GOOD AND EVIL IN THE LIVING AS WELL AS THE DEAD.
yes most animals do
Yes they can! Only in Hollywood movies... ;)
Yes they can. I asked my friend's cat and dog and they told me so
yes they can. im an animal expert.
guardian angel quotesGetting a tattoo of a guardian angel. Need a quote. Help?
i'm wanting a tattoo of a soldier with a shadow of an angel and can't findguardian angel quotes any quotes about a protector that would work great with this tattoo. Can guardian angel quotesanybody give me some suggestions?
"Forever guarding you."
"Forever guarding you."
how to feed ladybugsHow to feed ladybugs?
I'm TRIING to rasie ladybugs/ladybirds and what do I feed them with ,how do I feed them and raise them
Thank you for your timehow to feed ladybugs-SincerlyNaomi
Well, in the wild, they eat aphids. You could call around or put up a Craigslist ad, and try to collect aphids from peoples' infested roses and how to feed ladybugswhatnot, then put them on a potted plant and let your ladybugs have at...
My aunt's associate used to have ladybugs once - in arrears little SOBs
Thank you for your timehow to feed ladybugs-SincerlyNaomi
Well, in the wild, they eat aphids. You could call around or put up a Craigslist ad, and try to collect aphids from peoples' infested roses and how to feed ladybugswhatnot, then put them on a potted plant and let your ladybugs have at...
My aunt's associate used to have ladybugs once - in arrears little SOBs
why do humans cryWhy do humans release tears when they cry. Are there any other animals that do this?
Im not asking why humans cry. I know its triggered by stressful or greivous situations. What i want to know is what is the biological reason that humans release large quantities of tears when triggered? I know that other animals mourn, but do other animals cry? as in crying like a human... with tears? Just curious. sooo why dont you go cry about it youwhy do humans cry big baby!
crying happens in all animals. Its most notably seen in us humans due to emotional stress or irritation to the eyes. Animals also produce tears when sad. Elephants have been known to cry out of grievance as observed by Darwin and many zookeepers. But the difficult part is that we could never know what an animal is thinking to know if they r produciwhy do humans cryng tears due to emotions. Try watching the movie "tale of the weeping camel" for an interesting take on an animal crying.
because god gave us emotions. us being the most emotional unfortunitly lol
Huh? Interesting! There are glands around our eye ball -- I am sure it has to deal with that!
Turtles.
crying happens in all animals. Its most notably seen in us humans due to emotional stress or irritation to the eyes. Animals also produce tears when sad. Elephants have been known to cry out of grievance as observed by Darwin and many zookeepers. But the difficult part is that we could never know what an animal is thinking to know if they r produciwhy do humans cryng tears due to emotions. Try watching the movie "tale of the weeping camel" for an interesting take on an animal crying.
because god gave us emotions. us being the most emotional unfortunitly lol
Huh? Interesting! There are glands around our eye ball -- I am sure it has to deal with that!
Turtles.
ayaka lyricsHirahara Ayaka lyrics?
Hirahara Ayaka is a japanese singer, and I was wondering where I could find lyrics to her song Kodoku No Mukou (translation: past the lonliness) and Icayaka lyricshiban Boshi (translation: first star) In romaji?
Kodoku No Mukou:
(english)
(japanese)
Ichiban Boshi:
(japanese)
actually the lyrics in romaji for kodayaka lyricsoku no mukou is wrong, the song you sent was sung by the wrong person. But thanks for trying
Kodoku No Mukou:
(english)
(japanese)
Ichiban Boshi:
(japanese)
actually the lyrics in romaji for kodayaka lyricsoku no mukou is wrong, the song you sent was sung by the wrong person. But thanks for trying
most famous ice hockey playersWho is the best/most famous ice hockey player internationally?
Is there any player who stands above the rest? I just need to know his name, and maybe a little about his achievements.
Wayne Gretzky is the best ever, but may not be as well known internationally. Jaromir Jagr is the leading scorer amongst Europeans in NHL history, having amassed 621 goals, 907 assists and 1,528 points so far in his illustrious NHL career while playing in 1,191 regular season games, while also scoring 67 goals, 88 assists and 155 points in 149 career playoff games in the NHL. In those regards, Jaromir Jagr might be the most internationally renown player ever. However, Gretzky does hold the NHL single season, career and playoff records, with 894 goals, 1,963 assists and 2,857 points in the regular season and 122 goals, 260 assists and 382 points in the playoffs, all of which are more than any other player in NHL history.
Ever? Wayne Gretzkey. Big pointer (assists and goals) (most ever). Great player. (L.A. Kings)
Now? Sid the Kid (Sidney Crosby). Called the new Wayne Gretzkey. Major point scorer, led the team (Pitt. Pemost famous ice hockey playersnguins) to the playoffs. (REF/more info. Pittsburgh Penguins website or "page" on Yahoo.
Wayne Gretzky Overall but internationally you mean like a European as well? I think Temmu Selanne is one of the best Europeans...at least currently...
Ever? Gretzky. Everyone in the world knows who he is.
Currently? Probably Peter Forsberg. His success in the Olympics and the NHL has made him a superstar celebrity in Europe. He's freakin' enshrined on a Swedish stamp! Doesn't get any more famous than that!
Wayne Gretzke
wayne gretzky spell it right first person
Currently, Jaromir Jagr - see Wikipedia, achievements too numerous to recount here
Over all, Wayne Gretzky - ditto on Wikipedia
Wayne Gretzky and then Vladislav Tretiak...both oldies but goodies
I believe that player is 马克us Naslund of the Vancouver Canucks. He is one of the best players out there and can show what he can do.
Sidney Crosby - i live in england and we all no about him!
at this moment or ever? anwser to the latter: wayne gemost famous ice hockey playersrtzky, canadian, became famous playing for the edmonton oilers along with jari kurri and someone else,... mario lemieux i think it was. gretzky is known as the great one, not the strongest skater ever but he saw the game like no other and had A LOT of awsome tricks up his sleeve no one had ever seen before. he has more records on his name than anyone else.
at this moment, i wouldn't really know. everyone knows marty brodeur of course, goalie of the new jersey devils. and peter forsberg, mats sundin and alexander ovechkin are very well known as well. perhaps even naslund, thornton or eric staal, but i think not.
outside of north america i would say Sergie Fedorov. he had won the selke twice over 450 career goals. 1000+ points. 3 cups he was one of the greatest 2 way players in the game.
Well, there's always "The Great One" Wayne Gretzky. Has held many #1 position in almost all scoring stats.
Wayne Gretzky is the best ever, but may not be as well known internationally. Jaromir Jagr is the leading scorer amongst Europeans in NHL history, having amassed 621 goals, 907 assists and 1,528 points so far in his illustrious NHL career while playing in 1,191 regular season games, while also scoring 67 goals, 88 assists and 155 points in 149 career playoff games in the NHL. In those regards, Jaromir Jagr might be the most internationally renown player ever. However, Gretzky does hold the NHL single season, career and playoff records, with 894 goals, 1,963 assists and 2,857 points in the regular season and 122 goals, 260 assists and 382 points in the playoffs, all of which are more than any other player in NHL history.
Ever? Wayne Gretzkey. Big pointer (assists and goals) (most ever). Great player. (L.A. Kings)
Now? Sid the Kid (Sidney Crosby). Called the new Wayne Gretzkey. Major point scorer, led the team (Pitt. Pemost famous ice hockey playersnguins) to the playoffs. (REF/more info. Pittsburgh Penguins website or "page" on Yahoo.
Wayne Gretzky Overall but internationally you mean like a European as well? I think Temmu Selanne is one of the best Europeans...at least currently...
Ever? Gretzky. Everyone in the world knows who he is.
Currently? Probably Peter Forsberg. His success in the Olympics and the NHL has made him a superstar celebrity in Europe. He's freakin' enshrined on a Swedish stamp! Doesn't get any more famous than that!
Wayne Gretzke
wayne gretzky spell it right first person
Currently, Jaromir Jagr - see Wikipedia, achievements too numerous to recount here
Over all, Wayne Gretzky - ditto on Wikipedia
Wayne Gretzky and then Vladislav Tretiak...both oldies but goodies
I believe that player is 马克us Naslund of the Vancouver Canucks. He is one of the best players out there and can show what he can do.
Sidney Crosby - i live in england and we all no about him!
at this moment or ever? anwser to the latter: wayne gemost famous ice hockey playersrtzky, canadian, became famous playing for the edmonton oilers along with jari kurri and someone else,... mario lemieux i think it was. gretzky is known as the great one, not the strongest skater ever but he saw the game like no other and had A LOT of awsome tricks up his sleeve no one had ever seen before. he has more records on his name than anyone else.
at this moment, i wouldn't really know. everyone knows marty brodeur of course, goalie of the new jersey devils. and peter forsberg, mats sundin and alexander ovechkin are very well known as well. perhaps even naslund, thornton or eric staal, but i think not.
outside of north america i would say Sergie Fedorov. he had won the selke twice over 450 career goals. 1000+ points. 3 cups he was one of the greatest 2 way players in the game.
Well, there's always "The Great One" Wayne Gretzky. Has held many #1 position in almost all scoring stats.
free company name ideasPrinting company name ideas?
i like some of your ideas but none of them yet clicked , who ever comes up with the best name i will put there name on my website or put a free advert on my web designing site for free for u or your business
Ok, well I'm in the porno business so I hope your deal still stays....
so you didn't like my suggestion then huh????
FINE
free company name ideas How about,
"Printo"
Like pronto but with printing....keep it simpleeeeeeeeee
I was driving the other day & saw a shop called "Pronta Print" so your're too late!!!
Ink Out?
Capital Print
Top Print
the Proof is in the Print!
HOW 'BOUT "WORDS TO LIVE BUY" ( OR Bfree company name ideasY (WHICHEVER YOU LIKE) OR "TO THE LETTER"..ANYWAY...GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR NEW BUSINESS! MISSY
Be impressed.
Prints Charming
Fast Ink ?
Ummm ... Print Master?
ImpressionZ
hmm
prinational
digital-P
good n' berg (from: Johannes Gutenberg... lol)
intaglio
gravure
and i dunnoo :)
Ok, well I'm in the porno business so I hope your deal still stays....
so you didn't like my suggestion then huh????
FINE
free company name ideas How about,
"Printo"
Like pronto but with printing....keep it simpleeeeeeeeee
I was driving the other day & saw a shop called "Pronta Print" so your're too late!!!
Ink Out?
Capital Print
Top Print
the Proof is in the Print!
HOW 'BOUT "WORDS TO LIVE BUY" ( OR Bfree company name ideasY (WHICHEVER YOU LIKE) OR "TO THE LETTER"..ANYWAY...GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR NEW BUSINESS! MISSY
Be impressed.
Prints Charming
Fast Ink ?
Ummm ... Print Master?
ImpressionZ
hmm
prinational
digital-P
good n' berg (from: Johannes Gutenberg... lol)
intaglio
gravure
and i dunnoo :)
puzzle gamesPuzzle Games?
I am looking for a game site with puzzles that you can put together. The only site that I've found so far is MadeBig.com. There puzzles and othepuzzle gamesr games are really fun, I didnt know if there is another site that has puzzle games that you can play for free.
Thanks
go on google an tye in thpuzzle gamese impossible quiz you will like it
to download free full version puzzle games you could try:
Thanks
go on google an tye in thpuzzle gamese impossible quiz you will like it
to download free full version puzzle games you could try:
hard to breathe lyricsSong with these lyrics? I can't eat, I can't sleep, sometimes I find it hard to breathe?
that's about all I remember, its a sad, slow song.. thanks
The only song I can think of is Dido - Resting here with me
"I won't go
I won't sleep
I can't breath
Until you're resting here with me"
It's not your exact lyrics but a sad slow song with similar lyrics
EDIT
looks like sleepless is right:
No the song is "wish i didn't miss you" by angie stone.
Berry John - Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye
It's been a long time since I've held her close
We've misplaced feelings that we used to know
thought I could see between the lines I read
But hard to breathe lyricsI wasn't ready when she turned to me and said
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
But now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
All of those years came rushing through my mind
And I found myself back in a simpler time
Just two young kids runnin' on fire and dreams
And in her eyes I realized she was calling out to me
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
But now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
I would do anything to let her know
There's just no way mhard to breathe lyricsy heart can let her go
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
But now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
Goodbye
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
Now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
Goodbye
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye -John Berry
The only song I can think of is Dido - Resting here with me
"I won't go
I won't sleep
I can't breath
Until you're resting here with me"
It's not your exact lyrics but a sad slow song with similar lyrics
EDIT
looks like sleepless is right:
No the song is "wish i didn't miss you" by angie stone.
Berry John - Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye
It's been a long time since I've held her close
We've misplaced feelings that we used to know
thought I could see between the lines I read
But hard to breathe lyricsI wasn't ready when she turned to me and said
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
But now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
All of those years came rushing through my mind
And I found myself back in a simpler time
Just two young kids runnin' on fire and dreams
And in her eyes I realized she was calling out to me
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
But now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
I would do anything to let her know
There's just no way mhard to breathe lyricsy heart can let her go
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
But now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
Goodbye
I can't eat and I can't sleep
Sometimes I find it hard to breath
I break down and cry not knowing why
Now I can't lie
I'm standing on the edge of goodbye
Goodbye
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye -John Berry
salt content of sea waterWhat kind of car wash soap/wax works good for high salt content softened water?
My water is like sea water. I've tried mr. clean products, but they don't work and what I'm left with is lines of salt on my car. A co-worker says that turtle wax spray on wax works good, but he doesnsalt content of sea water't have the salt water problem I have. The dishwasher works great with cascade and rinse agent, and I'm thinking there has to be something out there comparible to that for car wash products. Thanks fosalt content of sea waterr your help.
Softlan smooth,we use it all the time...
I think this can be similar to dish soap and can fade your paint over time.
Softlan smooth,we use it all the time...
I think this can be similar to dish soap and can fade your paint over time.
none for the road onlineFree online road trip planner?
I am taking a road trip with my best friend in April. We are starting in the northeast and want to head down the east coast south. We are not sure where exactly to stop/see on the way. We have some ideas in mind, but it's more of a leisurely trip. 5-6 days of traveling total, ending back in the Northeast. We are bringing our tents and want to stay in hotels as LITTLE as possible to save none for the road onlinemoney. We would like to camp on beaches along the way or wherever we can for free or cheap. I am looking for a user friendly online road trip planner. I have tried Tripit.com, mapquest, roadtrip America etc. None of these is what I need. I want something that HELPS me and makes it easy. Anyone have ideas?
JaneMullins probably gave a valid answer. For all you're asking, you'll probably none for the road onlineneed to do it yourself. The websites that help you find driving distances and times will not help you find campgrounds. Likewise, camping websites won't tell you distances between points. If you visit a truckstop or camping store, you can probably find books that list campgrounds, then use Mapquest or something to find the driving distances/times.
Just buy a map
JaneMullins probably gave a valid answer. For all you're asking, you'll probably none for the road onlineneed to do it yourself. The websites that help you find driving distances and times will not help you find campgrounds. Likewise, camping websites won't tell you distances between points. If you visit a truckstop or camping store, you can probably find books that list campgrounds, then use Mapquest or something to find the driving distances/times.
Just buy a map
quotes life quotesWhat are some good websites for positive quotes or life quotes?
Any websites for inspirational, life, positive, quotes
anything along those lines
thanks
INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES -
“You are the one who inspire everybody to do his duty; I am inspired by your 'inspiration of duty';You are directly or indirectly involved with each and every action that takes place in this world.” - Yajur Veda
“Man, alone, has the power to transform his thoughts into physical reality; man, alone, can dream and make his dreams come true.” - Napoleon Hill
“If you have no confidence in self, you are twice defeated in the race of life. With confidence, you have won even before you have started.” - Marcus Tullius Cicero
“Never lose sight of your dreams, for your dreams can be your guidance.” - Jen Davies
“When you have cleared all of your clutter, you can be of greater service to those around you.” - Michael B. Kitson
“Awareness is a key ingredient in success. If you have it, teach it, if you lack it, seek it.” - Michael B. Kitson
“The best way to cheer yourself is to try to cheer somebody else up.” - 马克 Twain
“sometimes, you just have to let people go. No matter how much you don't want to and no matter how much it will hurt you, you will eventually realize it's for the best” - rachel lynne
“Failure is success if we learn from it.” - Malcolm S. Forbes
“A writer is rarely so well inspired as when he talks aboquotes life quotesut himself” - Anatole France
LIFE QUOTES -
“What is called genius is the abundance of life and health.” - Henry David Thoreau
“Paradoxically though it may seem, it is none the less true that life imitates art far more than art imitates life” - Oscar Wilde
“If you're going to tell people the truth, be funny or they'll kill you.” - Billy Wilder
“In the book of life, the answers aren't in the back.” - Charlie Brown
“Life is pain and the enjoyment of love is an anesthetic.” - Cesare Pavese
“But there is suffering in life, and there are defeats. No one can avoid them. But it's better to lose some of the battles in the struggles for your dreams than to be defeated without ever knowing what you're fighting for.” - Paulo Coelho
“If life keeps asking you the same questions....You are NOT learning the lessons...” - Leif Ericsson Leo Veness
“All of life is a dispute over taste and tasting.” - Friedrich Nietzsche
“No trumpets sound when the important decisions of our life are made. Destiny is made known silently.” - Agnes De Mille
“One word frees us of all the weight and pain in life. That word is love.” - Sophocles
POSITIVE QUOTES -
“Positive anything is better than negative nothing.” - Elbert Hubbard
“You've done it before and you can do it now. See the positive possibilities. Redirect the substantial energy of yquotes life quotesour frustration and turn it into positive, effective, unstoppable determination.” - Ralph Marston
“When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I come to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than any talent for abstract, positive thinking.” - Albert Einstein
“The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” - Winston Churchill
“If you see a friend without a smile; give him one of yours.” - Proverb
“Few things in the world are more powerful than a positive push. A smile. A word of optimism and hope. And you can do it when things are tough.” - Richard M. DeVos
“It takes but one positive thought when given a chance to survive and thrive to overpower an entire army of negative thoughts.” - Robert H. Schuller
“The gift of fantasy has meant more to me than my talent for absorbing positive knowledge.” - Albert Einstein
“Having a positive mental attitude is asking how something can be done rather than saying it can't be done.” ". The Real "Best Answer" Is For Yahoo! Answers TO BAN JoW From Yahoo! Answers For CHEATING!
--RetroRay
~ Life is like a coin. You can spend it any way you wish, but you only spend it once. ~
Lillian Dickson
anything along those lines
thanks
INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES -
“You are the one who inspire everybody to do his duty; I am inspired by your 'inspiration of duty';You are directly or indirectly involved with each and every action that takes place in this world.” - Yajur Veda
“Man, alone, has the power to transform his thoughts into physical reality; man, alone, can dream and make his dreams come true.” - Napoleon Hill
“If you have no confidence in self, you are twice defeated in the race of life. With confidence, you have won even before you have started.” - Marcus Tullius Cicero
“Never lose sight of your dreams, for your dreams can be your guidance.” - Jen Davies
“When you have cleared all of your clutter, you can be of greater service to those around you.” - Michael B. Kitson
“Awareness is a key ingredient in success. If you have it, teach it, if you lack it, seek it.” - Michael B. Kitson
“The best way to cheer yourself is to try to cheer somebody else up.” - 马克 Twain
“sometimes, you just have to let people go. No matter how much you don't want to and no matter how much it will hurt you, you will eventually realize it's for the best” - rachel lynne
“Failure is success if we learn from it.” - Malcolm S. Forbes
“A writer is rarely so well inspired as when he talks aboquotes life quotesut himself” - Anatole France
LIFE QUOTES -
“What is called genius is the abundance of life and health.” - Henry David Thoreau
“Paradoxically though it may seem, it is none the less true that life imitates art far more than art imitates life” - Oscar Wilde
“If you're going to tell people the truth, be funny or they'll kill you.” - Billy Wilder
“In the book of life, the answers aren't in the back.” - Charlie Brown
“Life is pain and the enjoyment of love is an anesthetic.” - Cesare Pavese
“But there is suffering in life, and there are defeats. No one can avoid them. But it's better to lose some of the battles in the struggles for your dreams than to be defeated without ever knowing what you're fighting for.” - Paulo Coelho
“If life keeps asking you the same questions....You are NOT learning the lessons...” - Leif Ericsson Leo Veness
“All of life is a dispute over taste and tasting.” - Friedrich Nietzsche
“No trumpets sound when the important decisions of our life are made. Destiny is made known silently.” - Agnes De Mille
“One word frees us of all the weight and pain in life. That word is love.” - Sophocles
POSITIVE QUOTES -
“Positive anything is better than negative nothing.” - Elbert Hubbard
“You've done it before and you can do it now. See the positive possibilities. Redirect the substantial energy of yquotes life quotesour frustration and turn it into positive, effective, unstoppable determination.” - Ralph Marston
“When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I come to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than any talent for abstract, positive thinking.” - Albert Einstein
“The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” - Winston Churchill
“If you see a friend without a smile; give him one of yours.” - Proverb
“Few things in the world are more powerful than a positive push. A smile. A word of optimism and hope. And you can do it when things are tough.” - Richard M. DeVos
“It takes but one positive thought when given a chance to survive and thrive to overpower an entire army of negative thoughts.” - Robert H. Schuller
“The gift of fantasy has meant more to me than my talent for absorbing positive knowledge.” - Albert Einstein
“Having a positive mental attitude is asking how something can be done rather than saying it can't be done.” ". The Real "Best Answer" Is For Yahoo! Answers TO BAN JoW From Yahoo! Answers For CHEATING!
--RetroRay
~ Life is like a coin. You can spend it any way you wish, but you only spend it once. ~
Lillian Dickson
rascal flatts influencesRascal Flatts have said that?
Some of their musical influences are country greats such as George Jones, Chet Atkins, Earl Thomas Conley, Johnny Cash, and Merle Haggard. What do you think these great men of country music would have to say about being their influence, and about Rascal Flatts them selves?
Anytime a singer is credited with "being an influence" it has to be an honor. So I believe the likes of Johnny Cash and Merle Haggard would accept the honor of having been an influence.
As long as Rascal Flatts continues to turn out songs likrascal flatts influencese My Wish & What Hurts The Most he will be a credit to country music.
Thanks hon.
I don't know who is giving ME the thumbs downs.
I don't care if they giive them to me but I hate it when they giive it to people who answer my questions!
They would be and are proud that such a great band likes them.Especially Johnny Cash because he was a open minded Liberal musician who was always up and ready for new sounds.
Rascal Flatts is one of the best bands out there today, if notrascal flatts influences THE best. I think these guys would be flattered that they have influenced a band that keeps true to themselves and makes millions of people happy!
I love Rascal Flatts! I would think thats the men would all be very proud to be their influence and help them to be creative and come up with masterpeices!
Everyone likes being a role model
And Rascal Flatts is a top band
How can you not be impressed to be their influence
Do you live in Alabama, Tennessee, or Mississippi???
I think that they would be very honored.
Anytime a singer is credited with "being an influence" it has to be an honor. So I believe the likes of Johnny Cash and Merle Haggard would accept the honor of having been an influence.
As long as Rascal Flatts continues to turn out songs likrascal flatts influencese My Wish & What Hurts The Most he will be a credit to country music.
Thanks hon.
I don't know who is giving ME the thumbs downs.
I don't care if they giive them to me but I hate it when they giive it to people who answer my questions!
They would be and are proud that such a great band likes them.Especially Johnny Cash because he was a open minded Liberal musician who was always up and ready for new sounds.
Rascal Flatts is one of the best bands out there today, if notrascal flatts influences THE best. I think these guys would be flattered that they have influenced a band that keeps true to themselves and makes millions of people happy!
I love Rascal Flatts! I would think thats the men would all be very proud to be their influence and help them to be creative and come up with masterpeices!
Everyone likes being a role model
And Rascal Flatts is a top band
How can you not be impressed to be their influence
Do you live in Alabama, Tennessee, or Mississippi???
I think that they would be very honored.
one life to live rumorsDoes anyone know about the rumors going around that one life to live will continue on a cable network?
This is not philosophy
For "All My Children" and "One Life to Live," the show will go on.
Today, ABC announced that it has licensed the soap operas to Prospect Park, a 2-year-old media and production company that plans to contone life to live rumorsinue both series online by picking up where the TV shows leave off.
In a press release, Prospect Park promised to retain the "same quality," "format and length" of both series.
we can only hope not
Many people know. Because ruone life to live rumorsmors spreads faster than ordinary news.
Philosophers don't give a damn.
Not many, until you advertised and globally spread the RUMOUR on the www right now!
Ain`t that something! wakey-wakey to you, ask yourself why you do this.
For "All My Children" and "One Life to Live," the show will go on.
Today, ABC announced that it has licensed the soap operas to Prospect Park, a 2-year-old media and production company that plans to contone life to live rumorsinue both series online by picking up where the TV shows leave off.
In a press release, Prospect Park promised to retain the "same quality," "format and length" of both series.
we can only hope not
Many people know. Because ruone life to live rumorsmors spreads faster than ordinary news.
Philosophers don't give a damn.
Not many, until you advertised and globally spread the RUMOUR on the www right now!
Ain`t that something! wakey-wakey to you, ask yourself why you do this.
babelfish toolbarHow do you get the Babelfish translator on the Yahoo toolbar to translate to Spanish?
I added the Babelfish translator to my yahoo toolbar, but it only translates web pages to English; what I really need is to translate from English to Spanish, but I can't figbabelfish toolbarure out how. Can anyone help me?
I can't really answer your question but I have found a link for you that translates English to Spanish. Maybe you can add it by using the URbabelfish toolbarL and using the settings button to make your own button.
If you're afraid to click on links just enter "freetranslation" into your search bar.
I can't really answer your question but I have found a link for you that translates English to Spanish. Maybe you can add it by using the URbabelfish toolbarL and using the settings button to make your own button.
If you're afraid to click on links just enter "freetranslation" into your search bar.
current events for kids magazineMy school has a magazine, how do I make it more creative?
I'm the teacher editor for our schools magazine, and it's ran by students for students.
The kids were asking me what they can do to make it more fun, and I'm really not sure. We can babble on about the media, current events, and things around the school, but the students won't care.
Besides naked pictures, what would get the students attention?
Competitions? Certain segments to get students involved?
What do you think? Thanks.
Try making a page which is interactive with the students, you can put up random questions about anything and ask students to send in their opinions and thoughts about it. Or you can make a page where students ask questions, then post the question on the page and see other students opinions. Try making icurrent events for kids magazinet creative and fun so students won't be bored about it. Maybe you could also put in some student's embarrassing moments (of course with their permission). But also try to keep it in a school magazine mode too, i mean it's not a teen fashion magazine so also put a page where the students can see whats going on in the next few days at school. Hope I helped:)
hey sounds like you've got a good plan! but remember all of the less important or plain and boring magazines do theirs each week or every year! so make it a month so you have more time to work on it and make it even better than the other ones! good luck! - Zooi Magazine
Are you planning an interactive magazine, like a weekly or monthly bulleticurrent events for kids magazinen? Or do you have something like a yearly one in mind? If you want a yearly one, you could make it really professional. Have a theme each year, and design the magazine to that theme, i.e. fairy tales, vintage, etc. And you could have sections where you ask the students random questions, and publish the most interesting responses. You could also get the students to submit stories (preferably fiction, non-fiction doesn't seem very popular) and the Editorial Board could pick out the best ones. Oh, and you could have the graduating classes design their own layouts, with each student posing in their own way, and then publish it like that. That'll be interesting! Hope my ideas helped =)
The kids were asking me what they can do to make it more fun, and I'm really not sure. We can babble on about the media, current events, and things around the school, but the students won't care.
Besides naked pictures, what would get the students attention?
Competitions? Certain segments to get students involved?
What do you think? Thanks.
Try making a page which is interactive with the students, you can put up random questions about anything and ask students to send in their opinions and thoughts about it. Or you can make a page where students ask questions, then post the question on the page and see other students opinions. Try making icurrent events for kids magazinet creative and fun so students won't be bored about it. Maybe you could also put in some student's embarrassing moments (of course with their permission). But also try to keep it in a school magazine mode too, i mean it's not a teen fashion magazine so also put a page where the students can see whats going on in the next few days at school. Hope I helped:)
hey sounds like you've got a good plan! but remember all of the less important or plain and boring magazines do theirs each week or every year! so make it a month so you have more time to work on it and make it even better than the other ones! good luck! - Zooi Magazine
Are you planning an interactive magazine, like a weekly or monthly bulleticurrent events for kids magazinen? Or do you have something like a yearly one in mind? If you want a yearly one, you could make it really professional. Have a theme each year, and design the magazine to that theme, i.e. fairy tales, vintage, etc. And you could have sections where you ask the students random questions, and publish the most interesting responses. You could also get the students to submit stories (preferably fiction, non-fiction doesn't seem very popular) and the Editorial Board could pick out the best ones. Oh, and you could have the graduating classes design their own layouts, with each student posing in their own way, and then publish it like that. That'll be interesting! Hope my ideas helped =)
answers in genesis curriculumIs carbon
Answers in Genesis: Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the Very First Verse
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What about carbon dating?
by Don Batten (editor), Ken Ham, Jonathan Sarfati, and Carl Wieland
First published in The Revised and Expanded Answers Book
Chapter 4
How does the carbon ‘clock’ work? Is it reliable? What does carbon dating really show? What about other radiometric dating methods? Is there evidence that the earth is young?
--------------------------------------…
Related articles:
Radiometric Dating Questions and Answers
RATE research reveals remarkable results—a fatal blow to billions of years
RATE group reveals exciting breakthroughs!
Rating radiodating
Radiometric dating breakthroughs
The parable of the candle
Recommended Resources:
Thousands … Not Billions
Thousands … Not Billions (DVD)
Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth— Volume 1 & Volume 2 & DVD
The Revised and Expanded Answers Book
Refuting Evolution
People who ask about carbon-14 (14C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric1 dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years—carbon dating can only give thousands of years. People wonder how millions of years could be squeezed into the biblical account of history.
Clearly, such huge time periods cannot be fitted into the Bible without compromising what the Bible says about the goodness of God and the origin of sin, death and suffering—the reason Jesus came into the world.
Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, ‘But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female’ (马克 10:6). This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years.
We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods.
How the carbon clock works
Carbon has unique properties that are essential for life on earth. Familiar to us as the black substance in charred wood, as diamonds, and the graphite in ‘lead’ pencils, carbon comes in several forms, or isotopes. One rare form has atoms that are 14 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms: carbon-14, or 14C, or radiocarbon.
Carbon-14 is made when cosmic rays knock neutrons out of atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere. These displaced neutrons, now moving fast, hit ordinary nitrogen (14N) at lower altitudes, converting it into 14C. Unlike common carbon (12C), 14C is unstable and slowly decays, changing it back to nitrogen and releasing energy. This instability makes it radioactive.
Ordinary carbon (12C) is found in the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, which is taken up by plants, which in turn are eaten by animals. So a bone, or a leaf or a tree, or even a piece of wooden furniture, contains carbon. When the 14C has been formed, like ordinary carbon (12C), it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide (14CO2), and so it also gets cycled through the cells of plants and animals.
We can take a sample of air, count how many 12C atoms there are for every 14C atom, and calculate the 14C/12C ratio. Because 14C is so well mixed up with 12C, we expect to find that this ratio is the same if we sample a leaf from a tree, or a part of your body.
In living things, although 14C atoms are constantly changing back to 14N, they are still exchanging carbon with their surroundings, so the mixture remains about the same as in the atmosphere. However, as soon as a plant or animal dies, the 14C atoms which decay are no longer replaced, so the amount of 14C in that once-living thing decreases as time goes on. In other words, the 14C/12C ratio gets smaller. So, we have a ‘clock’ which starts ticking the moment something dies.
Obviously, this works only for things which were once living. It cannot be used to date volcanic rocks, for example.
The rate of decay of 14C is such that half of an amount will convert back to 14N in 5,730 years (plus or minus 40 years). This is the ‘half-life.’ So, in two half-lives, or 11,460 years, only one-quarter will be left. Thus, if the amount of 14C relative to 12C in a sample is one-quarter of that in living organisms at present, then it has a theoretical age of 11,460 years. Anything over about 50,000 years old, should theoretically have no detectable 14C left. That is why radiocarbon dating cannot give millions of years. In fact, if a sample contains 14C, it is good evidence that it is not millions of years old.
However, things are not quite so simple. First, plants discriminate against carbon dioxide containing 14C. That is, they take up less than would be expected and so they test older than they really are. Furthermore, different types of plants discriminate differently. This also has to be corrected for.2
Second, the ratio of 14C/12C in the atmosphere has not been constant—for example, it was higher before the industrial era when the massive burning of fossil fuels released a lot of carbon dioxide that was depleted in 14C. This would make things which died at that time appear older in terms of carbon dating. Then there was a rise in 14CO2 with the advent of atmospheric testing of atomic bombs in the 1950s.3 This would make things carbon-dated from that time appear younger than their true age.
Measurement of 14C in historically dated objects (e.g., seeds in the graves of historically dated tombs) enables the level of 14C in the atmosphere at that time to be estimated, and so partial calibration of the ‘clock’ is possible. Accordingly, carbon dating carefully applied to items from historical times can be useful. However, even with such historical calibration, archaeologists do not regard 14C dates as absolute because of frequent anomalies. They rely more on dating methods that link into historical records.
Outside the range of recorded history, calibration of the 14C clock is not possible.4
Other factors affecting carbon dating
The amount of cosmic rays penetrating the earth’s atmosphere affects the amount of 14C produced and therefore dating the system. The amount of cosmic rays reaching the earth varies with the sun’s activity, and with the earth's passage through magnetic clouds as the solar system travels around the Milky Way galaxy.
The strength of the earth’s magnetic field affects the amount of cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. A stronger magnetic field deflects more cosmic rays away from the earth. Overall, the energy of the earth’s magnetic field has been decreasing,5 so more 14C is being produced now than in the past. This will make old things look older than they really are.
Also, the Genesis flood would have greatly upset the carbon balance. The flood buried a huge amount of carbon, which became coal, oil, etc., lowering the total 12C in the biosphere (including the atmosphere—plants regrowing after the flood absorb CO2, which is not replaced by the decay of the buried vegetation). Total 14C is also proportionately lowered at this time, but whereas no terrestrial process generates any more 12C, 14C is continually being produced, and at a rate which does not depend on carbon levels (it comes from nitrogen). Therefore, the 14C/12C ratio in plants/animals/the atmosphere before the flood had to be lower than what it is now.
Unless this effect (which is additional to the magnetic field issue just discussed) were corrected for, carbon dating of fossils formed in the flood would give ages much older than the true ages.
Creationist researchers have suggested that dates of 35,000 - 45,000 years should be re-calibrated to the biblical date of the flood.6 Such a re-calibration makes sense of anomalous data from carbon dating—for example, very discordant ‘dates’ for different parts of a frozen musk ox carcass from Alaska and an inordinately slow rate of accumulation of ground sloth dung pellets in the older layers of a cave where the layers were carbon dated.7
Also, volcanoes emit much CO2 depleted in 14C. Since the flood was accompanied by much volcanism, fossils formed in the early post-flood period would give radiocarbon ages older than they really are.
In summary, the carbon-14 method, when corrected for the effects of the flood, can give useful results, but needs to be applied carefully. It does not give dates of millions of years and when corrected properly fits well with the biblical flood.
Other radiometric dating methods
There are various other radiometric dating methods used today to give ages of millions or billions of years for rocks. These techniques, unlike carbon dating, mostly use the relative concentrations of parent and daughter products in radioactive decay chains. For example, potassium-40 decays to argon-40; uranium-238 decays to lead-206 via other elements like radium; uranium-235 decays to lead-207; rubidium-87 decays to strontium-87; etc. These techniques are applied to igneous rocks, and are normally seen as giving the time since solidification.
The isotope concentrations can be measured very accurately, but isotope concentrations are not dates. To derive ages from such measurements, unprovable assumptions have to be made such as:
The starting conditions are known (for example, that there was no daughter isotope present at the start, or that we know how much was there).
Decay rates have always been constant.
Systems were closed or isolated so that no parent or daughter isotopes were lost or added.
There are patterns in the isotope data
There is plenty of evidence that the radioisotope dating systems are not the infallible techniques many think, and that they are not measuring millions of years. However, there are still patterns to be explained. For example, deeper rocks often tend to give older ‘ages.’ Creationists agree that the deeper rocks are generally older, but not by millions of years. Geologist John Woodmorappe, in his devastating critique of radioactive dating,8 points out that there are other large-scale trends in the rocks that have nothing to do with radioactive decay.
‘Bad’ dates
When a ‘date’ differs from that expected, researchers readily invent excuses for rejecting the result. The common application of such posterior reasoning shows that radiometric dating has serious problems. Woodmorappe cites hundreds of examples of excuses used to explain ‘bad’ dates.9
For example, researchers applied posterior reasoning to the dating of Australopithecus ramidus fossils.10 Most samples of basalt closest to the fossil-bearing strata give dates of about 23 Ma (Mega annum, million years) by the argon-argon method. The authors decided that was ‘too old,’ according to their beliefs about the place of the fossils in the evolutionary grand scheme of things. So they looked at some basalt further removed from the fossils and selected 17 of 26 samples to get an acceptable maximum age of 4.4 Ma. The other nine samples again gave much older dates but the authors decided they must be contaminated and discarded them. That is how radiometric dating works. It is very much driven by the existing long-age world view that pervades academia today.
A similar story surrounds the dating of the primate skull known as KNM-ER 1470.11 This started with an initial 212 to 230 Ma, which, according to the fossils, was considered way off the mark (humans ‘weren’t around then’). Various other attempts were made to date the volcanic rocks in the area. Over the years an age of 2.9 Ma was settled upon because of the agreement between several different published studies (although the studies involved selection of ‘good’ from ‘bad’ results, just like Australopithecus ramidus, above).
However, preconceived notions about human evolution could not cope with a skull like 1470 being ‘that old.’ A study of pig fossils in Africa readily convinced most anthropologists that the 1470 skull was much younger. After this was widely accepted, further studies of the rocks brought the radiometric age down to about 1.9 Ma—again several studies ‘confirmed’ this date. Such is the dating game.
Are we suggesting that evolutionists are conspiring to massage the data to get what they want? No, not generally. It is simply that all observations must fit the prevailing paradigm. The paradigm, or belief system, of molecules-to-man evolution over eons of time, is so strongly entrenched it is not questioned—it is a ‘fact.’ So every observation must fit this paradigm. Unconsciously, the researchers, who are supposedly ‘objective scientists’ in the eyes of the public, select the observations to fit the basic belief system.
We must remember that the past is not open to the normal processes of experimental science, that is, repeatable experiments in the present. A scientist cannot do experiments on events that happened in the past. Scientists do not measure the age of rocks, they measure isotope concentrations, and these can be measured extremely accurately. However, the ‘age’ is calculated using assumptions about the past that cannot be proven.
We should remember God’s admonition to Job, ‘Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?’ (Job 38:4).
Those involved with unrecorded history gather information in the present and construct stories about the past. The level of proof demanded for such stories seems to be much less than for studies in the empirical sciences, such as physics, chemistry, molecular biology, physiology, etc.
Williams, an expert in the environmental fate of radioactive elements, identified 17 flaws in the isotope dating reported in just three widely respected seminal papers that supposedly established the age of the earth at 4.6 billion years.12 John Woodmorappe has produced an incisive critique of these dating methods.13 He exposes hundreds of myths that have grown up around the techniques. He shows that the few ‘good’ dates left after the ‘bad’ dates are filtered out could easily be explained as fortunate coincidences.
What date would you like?
The forms issued by radioisotope laboratories for submission with samples to be dated commonly ask how old the sample is expected to be. Why? If the techniques were absolutely objective and reliable, such information would not be necessary. Presumably, the laboratories know that anomalous dates are common, so they need some check on whether they have obtained a ‘good’ date.
Testing radiometric dating methods
If the long-age dating techniques were really objective means of finding the ages of rocks, they should work in situations where we know the age. Furthermore, different techniques should consistently agree with one another.
Methods should work reliably on things of known age
There are many examples where the dating methods give ‘dates’ that are wrong for rocks of known age. One example is K-Ar ‘dating’ of five historical andesite lava flows from Mount Nguaruhoe in New Zealand. Although one lava flow occurred in 1949, three in 1954, and one in 1975, the ‘dates’ range from less than 0.27 to 3.5 Ma.14
Again, using hindsight, it is argued that ‘excess’ argon from the magma (molten rock) was retained in the rock when it solidified. The secular scientific literature lists many examples ofanswers in genesis curriculum excess argon causing dates of millions of years in rocks of known historical age.15 This excess appears to have come from the upper mantle, below the earth’s crust. This is consistent with a young world—the argon has had too little time to escape.16 If excess argon can cause exaggerated dates for rocks of known age, then why should we trust the method for rocks of unknown age?
Other techniques, such as the use of isochrons,17 make different assumptions about starting conditions, but there is a growing recognition that such ‘foolproof’ techniques can also give ‘bad’ dates. So data are again selected according to what the researcher already believes about the age of the rock.
Geologist Dr Steve Austin sampled basalt from the base of the Grand Canyon strata and from the lava that spilled over the edge of the canyon. By evolutionary reckoning, the latter should be a billion years younger than the basalt from the bottom. Standard laboratories analyzed the isotopes. The rubidium-strontium isochron technique suggested that the recent lava flow was 270 Ma older than the basalts beneath the Grand Canyon—an impossibility.
Different dating techniques should consistently agree
If the dating methods are an objective and reliable means of determining ages, they should agree. If a chemist were measuring the sugar content of blood, all valid methods for the determination would give the same answer (within the limits of experimental error). However, with radiometric dating, the different techniques often give quite different results.
In the study of the Grand Canyon rocks by Austin, different techniques gave different results.18 Again, all sorts of reasons can be suggested for the ‘bad’ dates, but this is again posterior reasoning. Techniques that give results that can be dismissed just because they don’t agree with what we already believe cannot be considered objective.
In Australia, some wood found in Tertiary basalt was clearly buried in the lava flow that formed the basalt, as can be seen from the charring. The wood was ‘dated’ by radiocarbon (14C) analysis at about 45,000 years old, but the basalt was ‘dated’ by potassium-argon method at 45 million years old!19
Isotope ratios or uraninite crystals from the Koongarra uranium body in the Northern Territory of Australia gave lead-lead isochron ages of 841 Ma, plus or minus 140 Ma.20 This contrasts with an age of 1550-1650 Ma based on other isotope ratios,21 and ages of 275, 61, 0,0, and 0 Ma for thorium/lead (232Th/208Pb) ratios in five uraninite grains. The latter figures are significant because thorium-derived dates should be the more reliable, since thorium is less mobile than the uranium minerals that are the parents of the lead isotopes in lead-lead system.22 The ‘zero’ ages in this case are consistent with the Bible.
More evidence something is wrong—14C in fossils supposedly millions of years old
Fossils older than 100,000 years should have too little 14C to measure, but dating labs consistently find 14C, well above background levels, in fossils supposedly many millions of years old.23,24 For example, no source of coal has been found that lacks 14C, yet this fossil fuel supposedly ranges up to hundreds of millions of years old. Fossils in rocks dated at 1–500 Ma by long Book for why even these radiocarbon ages are inflated). Furthermore, there was no pattern of younger to older in the carbon dates that correlated with the evolutionary/uniformitarian ‘ages’.24
This evidence is consistent with the fossil-bearing rock layers being formed in the year-long global catastrophe of the biblical Flood, as flood geologists since Nicholas Steno (1631–1687) have recognized.
Even Precambrian (‘older than 545 Ma’) graphite, which is not of organic origin, contains 14C above background levels.25 This is consistent with Earth itself being only thousands of years old, as a straightforward reading of the Bible would suggest.
Many physical evidence contradict the ‘billions of years’
Of the methods that have been used to estimate the age of the earth, 90 percent point to an age far less than the billions of years asserted by evolutionists. A few of them follow.
Evidence for a rapid formation of geological strata, as in the biblical flood. Some of the evidence are: lack of erosion between rock layers supposedly separated in age by many millions of years; lack of disturbance of rock strata by biological activity (worms, roots, etc.); lack of soil layers; polystrate fossils (which traverse several rock layers vertically—these could not have stood vertically for eons of time while they slowly got buried); thick layers of ‘rock’ bent without fracturing, indicating that the rock was all soft when bent; and more. For more, see books by geologists Morris26 and Austin.27
Red blood cells and hemoglobin have been found in some (unfossilized!) dinosaur bone. But these could not last more than a few thousand years—certainly not the 65 Ma since the last dinosaurs lived, according to evolutionists.28
The earth’s magnetic field has been decaying so fast that it looks like it is less than 10,000 years old. Rapid reversals during the Flood year and fluctuations shortly after would have caused the field energy to drop even faster.29, 30
Radioactive decay releases helium into the atmosphere, but not much is escaping. The total amount in the atmosphere is 1/2000th of that expected if the universe is really billions of years old. This helium originally escaped from rocks. This happens quite fast, yet so much helium is still in some rocks that it has not had time to escape—certainly not billions of years.30
A supernova is an explosion of a massive star—the explosion is so bright that it briefly outshines the rest of the galaxy. The supernova remnants (SNRs) should keep expanding for hundreds of thousands of years, according to physical equations. Yet there are no very old, widely expanded (Stage 3) SNRs, and few moderately old (Stage 1) ones in our galaxy, the Milky Way, or in its satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds. This is just what we would expect for ‘young’ galaxies that have not existed long enough for wide expansion.31
The moon is slowly receding from the earth at about 4 centimeters (1.5 inches) per year, and this rate would have been greater in the past. But even if the moon had started receding from being in contact with the earth, it would have taken only 1.37 billion years to reach its present distance from the earth. This gives a maximum age of the moon, not the actual age. This is far too young for evolutionists who claim the moon is 4.6 billion years old. It is also much younger than the radiometric ‘dates’ assigned to moon rocks.32
Salt is entering the sea much faster than it is escaping. The sea is not nearly salty enough for this to have been happening for billions of years. Even granting generous assumptions to evolutionists, the sea could not be more than 62 Ma years old—far younger than the billions of years believed by the evolutionists. Again, this indicates a maximum age, not the actual age.33
Dr Russell Humphreys gives other processes inconsistent with billions of years in the pamphlet Evidence for a Young World.34
Creationists cannot prove the age of the earth using a particular scientific method, any more than evolutionists can. They realize that all science is tentative because we do not have all the data, especially when dealing with the past. This is true of both creationist and evolutionist scientific arguments—evolutionists have had to abandon many ‘proofs’ for evolution just as creationists have also had to modify their arguments. The atheistic evolutionist W.B. Provine admitted: ‘Most of what I learned of the field [evolutionary biology] in graduate (1964-68) school is either wrong or significantly changed.’ 35
Creationists understand the limitations of dating methods better than evolutionists who claim that they can use processes observed in the present to ‘prove’ that the earth is billions of years old. In reality, all dating methods, including those that point to a young earth, rely on unprovable assumptions.
Creationists ultimately date the earth historically using the chronology of the Bible. This is because they believe that this is an accurate eyewitness account of world history, which bears the evidence within it that it is the Word of God, and therefore totally reliable and error-free.
Then what do the radiometric ‘dates’ mean?
What do the radiometric dates of millions of years mean, if they are not true ages? To answer this question, it is necessary to scrutinize further the experimental results from the various dating techniques, the interpretations made on the basis of the results and the assumptions underlying those interpretations.
The isochron dating technique was thought to be infallible because it supposedly covered the assumptions about starting conditions and closed systems.
Geologist Dr Andrew Snelling worked on dating the Koongarra uranium deposits in the Northern Territory of Australia, primarily using the uranium-thorium-lead (U-Th-Pb) method. He found that even highly weathered soil samples from the area, which are definitely not closed systems, gave apparently valid ‘isochron’ lines with ‘ages’ of up to 1,445 Ma.
Such ‘false isochrons’ are so common that a whole terminology has grown up to describe them, such as apparent isochron, mantle isochron, pseudoisochron, secondary isochron, inherited isochron, erupted isochron, mixing line and mixing isochron. Zheng wrote:
Some of the basic assumptions of the conventional Rb-Sr [rubidium-strontium] isochron method have to be modified and an observed isochron does not certainly define valid age information for a geological system, even if a goodness of fit of the experimental results is obtained in plotting 87Sr/86Sr. This problem cannot be overlooked, especially in evaluating the numerical time scale. Similar questions can also arise in applying Sm-Nd [samarium-neodymium] and U-Pb [uranium-lead] isochron methods.37
Clearly, there are factors other than age responsible for the straight lines obtained from graphing isotope ratios. Again, the only way to know if an isochron is ‘good’ is by comparing the result with what is already believed.
Another currently popular dating method is the uranium-lead concordia technique. This effectively combines the two uranium-lead decay series into one diagram. Results that lie on the concordia curve have the same age according to the two lead series and are called ‘concordant.’ However, the results from zircons (a type of gemstone), for example, generally lie off the concordia curve—they are discordant. Numerous models, or stories, have been developed to explain such data.38 However, such exercises in story-telling can hardly be considered as objective science that proves an old earth. Again, the stories are evaluated according to their own success in agreeing with the existing long ages belief system.
Andrew Snelling has suggested that fractionation (sorting) of elements in the molten state in the earth’s mantle could be a significant factor in explaining the ratios of isotope concentrations which are interpreted as ages.
As long ago as 1966, Nobel Prize nominee Melvin Cook, professor of metallurgy at the University of Utah, pointed out evidence that lead isotope ratios, for example, may involve alteration by important factors other than radioactive decay.39 Cook noted that, in ores from the Katanga mine, for example, there was an abundance of lead-208, a stable isotope, but no Thorium-232 as a source for lead-208. Thorium has a long half-life (decays very slowly) and is not easily moved out of the rock, so if the lead-208 came from thorium decay, some thorium should still be there. The concentrations of lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208 suggest that the lead-208 came about by neutron capture conversion of lead-206 to lead-207 to lead-208. When the isotope concentrations are adjusted for such conversions, the ages calculated are reduced from some 600 Ma to recent. Other ore bodies seemed to show similar evidence. Cook recognized that the current understanding of nuclear physics did not seem to allow for such a conversion under normal conditions, but he presents evidence that such did happen, and even suggests how it could happen.
Anomalies in deep rock crystals
Physicist Dr Robert Gentry has pointed out that the amount of helium and lead in zircons from deep bores is not consistent with an evolutionary age of 1,500 Ma for the granite rocks in which they are found.40 The amount of lead may be consistent with current rates of decay over millions of years, but it would have diffused out of the crystals in that time.
Furthermore, the amount of helium in zircons from hot rock is also much more consistent with a young earth (helium derives from the decay of radioactive elements).
The lead and helium results suggest that rates of radioactive decay may have been much higher in the recent past. Humphreys has suggested that this may have occurred during creation week and the flood. This would make things look much older than they really are when current rates of decay are applied to dating. Whatever caused such elevated rates of decay may also have been responsible for the lead isotope conversions claimed by Cook (above).
Orphan radiohalos
Decaying radioactive particles in solid rock cause spherical zones of damage to the surrounding crystal structure. A speck of radioactive element such as Uranium-238, for example, will leave a sphere of discoloration of characteristically different radius for each element it produces in its decay chain to lead-206.41 Viewed in cross-section with a microscope, these spheres appear as rings called radiohalos. Dr Gentry has researched radiohalos for many years, and published his results in leading scientific journals.42
Some of the intermediate decay products—such as the polonium isotopes—have very short half-lives (they decay quickly). For example, 218Po has a half-life of just 3 minutes. Curiously, rings formed by polonium decay are often found embedded in crystals without the parent uranium halos. Now the polonium has to get into the rock before the rock solidifies, but it cannot derive a from a uranium speck in the solid rock, otherwise there would be a uranium halo. Either the polonium was created (primordial, not derived from uranium), or there have been radical changes in decay rates in the past.
Gentry has addressed all attempts to criticize his work.43 There have been many attempts, because the orphan halos speak of conditions in the past, either at creation or after, perhaps even during the flood, which do not fit with the uniformitarian view of the past, which is the basis of the radiometric dating systems. Whatever process was responsible for the halos could be a key also to understanding radiometric dating.44
Conclusion
There are many lines of evidence that the radiometric dates are not the objective evidence for an old earth that many claim, and that the world is really only thousands of years old. We don't have all the answers, but we do have the sure testimony of the Word of God to the true history of the world.
Recommended resources
Thousands … Not Billions (DVD)
Christians no longer have to puzzle over the seemingly glaring contradiction between dating methods and the Bible's account of earth history.
Radioisotopes & the Age of the Earth (DVD)
Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth—Volume 1 (Hardcover)
Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth—Volume 2 (Hardcover)
Results of a young-earth creationist research initiative
Does Carbon Dating Disprove the Bible? (Booklet)
The Young Earth (Softcover)
Explains in easy-to-understand terms how true science supports a young age for the Earth.
Evidence For a Young World (Booklet)
Contains a dozen natural phenomena which conflict with the evolutionary idea that the earth is billions of years old.
The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods (Softcover)
References and notes
Also known as isotope or radioisotope dating.
Today, a stable carbon isotope, 13C , is measured as an indication answers in genesis curriculumof the level of discrimination against 14C.
Radiation from atomic testing, like cosmic rays, causes the conversion of 14N to 14C.
Tree ring dating (dendrochronology) has been used in an attempt to extend the calibration of carbon-14 dating earlier than historical records allow, but this depends on temporal placement of fragments of wood (from long dead trees) using carbon-14 dating, assuming straight-line extrapolation backwards. Then cross-matching of ring patterns is used to calibrate the carbon ‘clock’—a somewhat circular process which does not give an independent calibration of the carbon dating system.
K.L. McDonald and R.H. Gunst, ‘An Analysis of the Earth's Magnetic Field from 1835 to 1965,’ ESSA Technical Report IER 46-IES, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., p. 14, 1965.
B.J. Taylor, ‘Carbon Dioxide in the Antediluvian Atmosphere,’ Creation Research Society Quarterly, 30(4):193-197, 1994.
R.H. Brown, ‘Correlation of C-14 Age with Real Time,’ Creation Research Society Quarterly, 29:45-47, 1992. Musk ox muscle was dated at 24,000 years, but hair was dated at 17,000 years. Corrected dates bring the difference in age approximately within the life span of an ox. With sloth cave dung, standard carbon dates of the lower layers suggested less than 2 pellets per year were produced by the sloths. Correcting the dates increased the number to a more realistic 1.4 per day.
J. Woodmorappe, The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods, Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, CA, 1999.
Ibid.
G. WoldeGabriel et al., ‘Ecological and Temporal Placement of Early Pliocene Hominids at Aramis, Ethiopia,’ Nature, 371:330-333, 1994.
M. Lubenow, The Pigs Took It All, Creation 17(3):36-38, 1995.
M. Lubenow, Bones of Contention, Baker Books, Grand Rapids, MI, pp. 247-266, 1993.
A.R. Williams, Long-age Isotope Dating Short on Credibility, CEN Technical Journal, 6(1):2-5, 1992.
Woodmorappe, The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods.
A.A. Snelling, The Cause of Anomalous Potassium-argon ‘Ages’ for Recent Andesite Flows at Mt. Nguaruhoe, New Zealand, and the Implications for Potassium-argon ‘Dating,’ Proc. 4th ICC, pp.503-525, 1998.
Note 14 lists many instances. For example, six cases were reported by D. Krummenacher, Isotopic Composition of Argon in 摩登 Surface Rocks, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6:47-55, 1969. A large excess was reported in D.E. Fisher, Excess Rare Gases in a Subaerial Basalt in Nigeria, Nature, 232:60-61, 1970.
See note 14, p. 520.
The isochron technique involves collecting a number of rock samples from different parts of the rock unit being dated. The concentration of a parent radioactive isotope, such as rubidium-87, is graphed against the concentration of a daughter isotope, such as strontium-87, for all the samples. A straight line is drawn through these points, representing the ratio of the parent:daughter, from which a date is calculated. If the line is of good fit and the ‘age’ is acceptable, it is a ‘good’ date. The method involves dividing both the parent and daughter concentrations by the concentration of a similar stable isotope—in this case, strontium-86.
S.A. Austin, editor, Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe, Institute for Creation Research, Santee, CA, pp. 120-131, 1994.
A.A. Snelling, Radiometric Dating in Conflict, Creation, 20(1):24-27, 1998.
A.A. Snelling, The Failure of U-Th-Pb ‘Dating’ at Koongarra, Australia, CEN Technical Journal, 9(1):71-92, 1995.
R. Maas, Nd-Sr Isotope Constraints on the Age and Origin of Unconformity-type Uranium Deposits in the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Northern Territory, Australia, Economic Geology, 84:64-90, 1989.
See note 20.
Giem, P., Carbon-14 content of fossil carbon, Origins 51:6–30, 2001.
Baumgardner, J.R., Snelling, A.S., Humphreys, D.R., and Austin, S.A., Measurable 14C in fossilized organic materials: confirming the young earth creation-flood model, Proc. 5th ICC, pp. 127–142, 2003.
Ibid.
J. Morris, The Young Earth, Master Books, Green Forest, AR, 1994.
Austin, Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe.
C. Wieland, Sensational Dinosaur Blood Report, Creation, 19(4):42-43, 1997, based on M. Schweitzer and T. Staedter, The Real Jurassic Park, Earth, pp. 55-57, June 1997.
D.R. Humphreys, Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Genesis Flood, Proc. First ICC, Pittsburgh, PA, 2:113-126, 1986.
J.D. Sarfati, The Earth's Magnetic Field: Evidence That the Earth Is Young, Creation, 20(2):15-19, 1998.
L. Vardiman, The Age of the Earth’s Atmosphere: A Study of the Helium Flux through the Atmosphere, Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, CA, 1990.
J.D. Sarfati, Blowing Old-earth Belief Away: Helium Gives Evidence That the Earth is Young, Creation, 20(3):19-21, 1998.
K. Davies, Distribution of Supernova Remnants in the Galaxy, Proc. Third ICC, R.E. Walsh, editor, pp. 175-184, 1994.
D. DeYoung, The Earth-Moon System, Proc. Second ICC, R.E. Walsh and C.L. Brooks, editors, 2:79-84, 1990. J.D. Sarfati, The Moon: The Light That Rules the Night, Creation, 20(4):36-39, 1998.
S.A. Austin and D.R. Humphreys, The Sea’s Missing Salt: A Dilemma for Evolutionists, Proc. Second ICC, 2:17-33, 1990.
J.D. Sarfati, Salty Seas: Evidence for a Young Earth, Creation, 21(1):16-17, 1999.
Russell Humphreys, Evidence for a Young World, Answers in Genesis, 1999.
A review of Teaching about Evolution and the Nature of Science, National Academy of Science USA, 1998, by Dr Will B. Provine, online at February 18, 1999.
See Woodmorappe, The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods, for one such thorough evaluation.
Y.F. Zheng, Influence of the Nature of Initial Rb-Sr System on Isochron Validity, Chemical Geology, 80:1-16, p. 14, 1989.
E. Jager and J.C. Hunziker, editors, Lectures in Isotope Geology, U-Th-Pb Dating of Minerals, by D. Gebauer and M. Grunenfelder, Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 105-131, 1979.
M.A. Cook, Prehistory and Earth Models, Max Parrish, London, 1966.
R.V. Gentry, Creation's Tiny Mystery, Earth Science Associates, Knoxville, TN, 1986.
Only those that undergo alpha decay (releasing a helium nucleus).
Gentry, Creation's Tiny Mystery.
K.P. Wise, letter to the editor and replies by M. Armitage and R.V. Gentry, CEN Technical Journal, 12(3):285-90, 1998.
An international team of creationist scientists is actively pursuing a creationist understanding of radioisotope dating. Known as the RATE (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) group, it combines the skills of various physicists and geologists to enable a multi-disciplinary approach to the subject. Interesting insights are likely to come from such a group.
This chapter from the book The Revised and Expanded Answers Book, published and graciously provided at no charge to Answers in Genesis by Master Books, a division of New Leaf Press (Green Forest, Arkansas).
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Yes it is really accurate. However, who cares??????
This is absurd because Carbon-14 dating is not used to prove ANY of the claims your article says C-14 dating is used for. It is not used to date the Earth's origin, as it can only be used for the past 60,000 years. It is not used by evolutionists to prove evolution. It is not used for any of this. Your article actually says that C14 dating can be used to date things that are millions of years old- yet no scientific claims have ever been made dating anything with C-14 for more than 60,000 years. This is a bald-faced lie. It simply can't be done. Your article is complete bull and any true Christian would be ashamed of spreading such untruth.
You are doing nothing more than tilting at windmills. No one with any scientific knowledge will pay you any attention, because your own article states that it has no proof of Creationism, when it says "those that point to a young earth, rely on unprovable assumptions. "
Mostly those that point to a young earth rely on ignorance (which includes ignorance of the Bible).
The religion that is afraid of science dishoners God and commits suicide.
--Ralph Waldo Emerson
Even without any science, one can prove physically that the flood could not have happened more recently than 12000 years ago.
Physical evidence of open caves in Egypt that have never had water in them (proven as far back as 12000 years ago), via writings & other cave evidence.
Do you think someone like John in AZ really cares, pcreamer2000? It disagrees with what he believes, hence it is false.
Maybe accurate ... It isn't very percise.
Actually it is more precise than it is accurate. Counting atoms of C14 is a very precise operation. Accuracy varies with the quality of the original sample. Tests against tree rings, which can be easily counted, showed a high degree of accuracy.
it is as acurate as the heisenberg principle of measurements. Its the resultant of a eponetntial function whose time constant is probablibalistic=that is it.
People really need to read up on the difference between accuracy and precision. The Heisenberg Principle will only apply to precision, not accuracy. The decay function involved will have a range of error that is well understood, but this is an error of precision.
am trying to post an answer on this but i dunno how to but'll figure it out... but hey the dating methods in a whole is based on some faulty assumptions
Faulty assumptions? No, not really. The truly faulty assumptions are in relying on the Bible to be a literal factual book, when in fact it is allegorical. Who says the days in Genesis where solar days? How do you prove that? It is only an assumption.
i agree with that article, and yes a research group called CARM has redone carbon dating and found things to be only 1,000's of years old. Scientists do not keep in mind that geological changes in weather or what that bone of whatever it was near may have effected the half-life
The questioner submitted the article simply to show those methods cannot prove the earth is millions of years old as is often claimed by evolutionists. How many times do we hear the expression "Millions of years ago" presented as fact instead of speculation. Good Article, thanks for posting.
The fact is reliable dating methods only go back thousands of years and then everything is speculative beyond that. The Bible is silent on when the earth first began its formation but it does give the order of events. "Days" in Genesis are periods of time and cannot be calculated accurately.
"Copyright ? 2006 Answers in Genesis"
This was at the end of your question, which seems to be little more than a copy/paste of a webpage. Correct me if I'm wrong, but this would be called "copyright infringement".
There were many things wrong with the article, but I lack the time to point them out.
copyright infringement..
Really? you care that much about copyrights to point that out?
And again, why ask a question if you are just going to answer it there?
Yes up to 60000 years BC.
Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to ca 60,000 years. Within archaeology it is considered an absolute dating technique. The technique was discovered by Willard Frank Libby and his colleagues in 1949 during his tenure as a professor at the University of Chicago. Libby estimated that the steady state radioactivity concentration of exchangeable 14C would be about 14 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram carbon (ca. 230 mBq/g). In 1960, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination.
Is the book of Genesis accurate? No.
Good grief. You want to proselytize? Find a street corner.
Radiometric dating: A christian perspective.
Written by real scientists, laying out the mainstream, ridiculously well -accepted science behind radioactive dating.
thats a very interesting article.never read such a thing.after reading i think i should say that our science was lways like this.we keep on changing thiongs until what we observe was achieved thru our calculation.
then evrything we know about dinosaurs is wrong?well their calculations cant be all assumptions.they must have some solid base.
It is true that there are problems with all dating methods, but Archeaologists, Paleontologists, etc. all know this. Usually, as many dating methods as possible are applied. And, interestingly, errors generally make things seem younger, rather than older. There's something that alot of Christian scientists forget. Most of the scientists who discovered (and continue to discover) the ancient-ness of the Earth and evolution, etc. were Christians. Many of them were very upset by their findings, but they were also Scientists. Real Scientists. And real Scientists accept observable evidence above mythology.
You're not going to convince any enlightened person by waving a book at them. Not unless you have several non-derivative books by several different, unrelated authors that reach the same conclusion.
My mythology (ancient Greek) supports ancient Earth and evolution and even if it didn't, it wouldn't stop me from ignoring observable evidence! I'm smart enough to know that mythology is metaphore.
Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the Very First Verse
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What about carbon dating?
by Don Batten (editor), Ken Ham, Jonathan Sarfati, and Carl Wieland
First published in The Revised and Expanded Answers Book
Chapter 4
How does the carbon ‘clock’ work? Is it reliable? What does carbon dating really show? What about other radiometric dating methods? Is there evidence that the earth is young?
--------------------------------------…
Related articles:
Radiometric Dating Questions and Answers
RATE research reveals remarkable results—a fatal blow to billions of years
RATE group reveals exciting breakthroughs!
Rating radiodating
Radiometric dating breakthroughs
The parable of the candle
Recommended Resources:
Thousands … Not Billions
Thousands … Not Billions (DVD)
Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth— Volume 1 & Volume 2 & DVD
The Revised and Expanded Answers Book
Refuting Evolution
People who ask about carbon-14 (14C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric1 dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years—carbon dating can only give thousands of years. People wonder how millions of years could be squeezed into the biblical account of history.
Clearly, such huge time periods cannot be fitted into the Bible without compromising what the Bible says about the goodness of God and the origin of sin, death and suffering—the reason Jesus came into the world.
Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, ‘But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female’ (马克 10:6). This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years.
We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods.
How the carbon clock works
Carbon has unique properties that are essential for life on earth. Familiar to us as the black substance in charred wood, as diamonds, and the graphite in ‘lead’ pencils, carbon comes in several forms, or isotopes. One rare form has atoms that are 14 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms: carbon-14, or 14C, or radiocarbon.
Carbon-14 is made when cosmic rays knock neutrons out of atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere. These displaced neutrons, now moving fast, hit ordinary nitrogen (14N) at lower altitudes, converting it into 14C. Unlike common carbon (12C), 14C is unstable and slowly decays, changing it back to nitrogen and releasing energy. This instability makes it radioactive.
Ordinary carbon (12C) is found in the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, which is taken up by plants, which in turn are eaten by animals. So a bone, or a leaf or a tree, or even a piece of wooden furniture, contains carbon. When the 14C has been formed, like ordinary carbon (12C), it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide (14CO2), and so it also gets cycled through the cells of plants and animals.
We can take a sample of air, count how many 12C atoms there are for every 14C atom, and calculate the 14C/12C ratio. Because 14C is so well mixed up with 12C, we expect to find that this ratio is the same if we sample a leaf from a tree, or a part of your body.
In living things, although 14C atoms are constantly changing back to 14N, they are still exchanging carbon with their surroundings, so the mixture remains about the same as in the atmosphere. However, as soon as a plant or animal dies, the 14C atoms which decay are no longer replaced, so the amount of 14C in that once-living thing decreases as time goes on. In other words, the 14C/12C ratio gets smaller. So, we have a ‘clock’ which starts ticking the moment something dies.
Obviously, this works only for things which were once living. It cannot be used to date volcanic rocks, for example.
The rate of decay of 14C is such that half of an amount will convert back to 14N in 5,730 years (plus or minus 40 years). This is the ‘half-life.’ So, in two half-lives, or 11,460 years, only one-quarter will be left. Thus, if the amount of 14C relative to 12C in a sample is one-quarter of that in living organisms at present, then it has a theoretical age of 11,460 years. Anything over about 50,000 years old, should theoretically have no detectable 14C left. That is why radiocarbon dating cannot give millions of years. In fact, if a sample contains 14C, it is good evidence that it is not millions of years old.
However, things are not quite so simple. First, plants discriminate against carbon dioxide containing 14C. That is, they take up less than would be expected and so they test older than they really are. Furthermore, different types of plants discriminate differently. This also has to be corrected for.2
Second, the ratio of 14C/12C in the atmosphere has not been constant—for example, it was higher before the industrial era when the massive burning of fossil fuels released a lot of carbon dioxide that was depleted in 14C. This would make things which died at that time appear older in terms of carbon dating. Then there was a rise in 14CO2 with the advent of atmospheric testing of atomic bombs in the 1950s.3 This would make things carbon-dated from that time appear younger than their true age.
Measurement of 14C in historically dated objects (e.g., seeds in the graves of historically dated tombs) enables the level of 14C in the atmosphere at that time to be estimated, and so partial calibration of the ‘clock’ is possible. Accordingly, carbon dating carefully applied to items from historical times can be useful. However, even with such historical calibration, archaeologists do not regard 14C dates as absolute because of frequent anomalies. They rely more on dating methods that link into historical records.
Outside the range of recorded history, calibration of the 14C clock is not possible.4
Other factors affecting carbon dating
The amount of cosmic rays penetrating the earth’s atmosphere affects the amount of 14C produced and therefore dating the system. The amount of cosmic rays reaching the earth varies with the sun’s activity, and with the earth's passage through magnetic clouds as the solar system travels around the Milky Way galaxy.
The strength of the earth’s magnetic field affects the amount of cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. A stronger magnetic field deflects more cosmic rays away from the earth. Overall, the energy of the earth’s magnetic field has been decreasing,5 so more 14C is being produced now than in the past. This will make old things look older than they really are.
Also, the Genesis flood would have greatly upset the carbon balance. The flood buried a huge amount of carbon, which became coal, oil, etc., lowering the total 12C in the biosphere (including the atmosphere—plants regrowing after the flood absorb CO2, which is not replaced by the decay of the buried vegetation). Total 14C is also proportionately lowered at this time, but whereas no terrestrial process generates any more 12C, 14C is continually being produced, and at a rate which does not depend on carbon levels (it comes from nitrogen). Therefore, the 14C/12C ratio in plants/animals/the atmosphere before the flood had to be lower than what it is now.
Unless this effect (which is additional to the magnetic field issue just discussed) were corrected for, carbon dating of fossils formed in the flood would give ages much older than the true ages.
Creationist researchers have suggested that dates of 35,000 - 45,000 years should be re-calibrated to the biblical date of the flood.6 Such a re-calibration makes sense of anomalous data from carbon dating—for example, very discordant ‘dates’ for different parts of a frozen musk ox carcass from Alaska and an inordinately slow rate of accumulation of ground sloth dung pellets in the older layers of a cave where the layers were carbon dated.7
Also, volcanoes emit much CO2 depleted in 14C. Since the flood was accompanied by much volcanism, fossils formed in the early post-flood period would give radiocarbon ages older than they really are.
In summary, the carbon-14 method, when corrected for the effects of the flood, can give useful results, but needs to be applied carefully. It does not give dates of millions of years and when corrected properly fits well with the biblical flood.
Other radiometric dating methods
There are various other radiometric dating methods used today to give ages of millions or billions of years for rocks. These techniques, unlike carbon dating, mostly use the relative concentrations of parent and daughter products in radioactive decay chains. For example, potassium-40 decays to argon-40; uranium-238 decays to lead-206 via other elements like radium; uranium-235 decays to lead-207; rubidium-87 decays to strontium-87; etc. These techniques are applied to igneous rocks, and are normally seen as giving the time since solidification.
The isotope concentrations can be measured very accurately, but isotope concentrations are not dates. To derive ages from such measurements, unprovable assumptions have to be made such as:
The starting conditions are known (for example, that there was no daughter isotope present at the start, or that we know how much was there).
Decay rates have always been constant.
Systems were closed or isolated so that no parent or daughter isotopes were lost or added.
There are patterns in the isotope data
There is plenty of evidence that the radioisotope dating systems are not the infallible techniques many think, and that they are not measuring millions of years. However, there are still patterns to be explained. For example, deeper rocks often tend to give older ‘ages.’ Creationists agree that the deeper rocks are generally older, but not by millions of years. Geologist John Woodmorappe, in his devastating critique of radioactive dating,8 points out that there are other large-scale trends in the rocks that have nothing to do with radioactive decay.
‘Bad’ dates
When a ‘date’ differs from that expected, researchers readily invent excuses for rejecting the result. The common application of such posterior reasoning shows that radiometric dating has serious problems. Woodmorappe cites hundreds of examples of excuses used to explain ‘bad’ dates.9
For example, researchers applied posterior reasoning to the dating of Australopithecus ramidus fossils.10 Most samples of basalt closest to the fossil-bearing strata give dates of about 23 Ma (Mega annum, million years) by the argon-argon method. The authors decided that was ‘too old,’ according to their beliefs about the place of the fossils in the evolutionary grand scheme of things. So they looked at some basalt further removed from the fossils and selected 17 of 26 samples to get an acceptable maximum age of 4.4 Ma. The other nine samples again gave much older dates but the authors decided they must be contaminated and discarded them. That is how radiometric dating works. It is very much driven by the existing long-age world view that pervades academia today.
A similar story surrounds the dating of the primate skull known as KNM-ER 1470.11 This started with an initial 212 to 230 Ma, which, according to the fossils, was considered way off the mark (humans ‘weren’t around then’). Various other attempts were made to date the volcanic rocks in the area. Over the years an age of 2.9 Ma was settled upon because of the agreement between several different published studies (although the studies involved selection of ‘good’ from ‘bad’ results, just like Australopithecus ramidus, above).
However, preconceived notions about human evolution could not cope with a skull like 1470 being ‘that old.’ A study of pig fossils in Africa readily convinced most anthropologists that the 1470 skull was much younger. After this was widely accepted, further studies of the rocks brought the radiometric age down to about 1.9 Ma—again several studies ‘confirmed’ this date. Such is the dating game.
Are we suggesting that evolutionists are conspiring to massage the data to get what they want? No, not generally. It is simply that all observations must fit the prevailing paradigm. The paradigm, or belief system, of molecules-to-man evolution over eons of time, is so strongly entrenched it is not questioned—it is a ‘fact.’ So every observation must fit this paradigm. Unconsciously, the researchers, who are supposedly ‘objective scientists’ in the eyes of the public, select the observations to fit the basic belief system.
We must remember that the past is not open to the normal processes of experimental science, that is, repeatable experiments in the present. A scientist cannot do experiments on events that happened in the past. Scientists do not measure the age of rocks, they measure isotope concentrations, and these can be measured extremely accurately. However, the ‘age’ is calculated using assumptions about the past that cannot be proven.
We should remember God’s admonition to Job, ‘Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?’ (Job 38:4).
Those involved with unrecorded history gather information in the present and construct stories about the past. The level of proof demanded for such stories seems to be much less than for studies in the empirical sciences, such as physics, chemistry, molecular biology, physiology, etc.
Williams, an expert in the environmental fate of radioactive elements, identified 17 flaws in the isotope dating reported in just three widely respected seminal papers that supposedly established the age of the earth at 4.6 billion years.12 John Woodmorappe has produced an incisive critique of these dating methods.13 He exposes hundreds of myths that have grown up around the techniques. He shows that the few ‘good’ dates left after the ‘bad’ dates are filtered out could easily be explained as fortunate coincidences.
What date would you like?
The forms issued by radioisotope laboratories for submission with samples to be dated commonly ask how old the sample is expected to be. Why? If the techniques were absolutely objective and reliable, such information would not be necessary. Presumably, the laboratories know that anomalous dates are common, so they need some check on whether they have obtained a ‘good’ date.
Testing radiometric dating methods
If the long-age dating techniques were really objective means of finding the ages of rocks, they should work in situations where we know the age. Furthermore, different techniques should consistently agree with one another.
Methods should work reliably on things of known age
There are many examples where the dating methods give ‘dates’ that are wrong for rocks of known age. One example is K-Ar ‘dating’ of five historical andesite lava flows from Mount Nguaruhoe in New Zealand. Although one lava flow occurred in 1949, three in 1954, and one in 1975, the ‘dates’ range from less than 0.27 to 3.5 Ma.14
Again, using hindsight, it is argued that ‘excess’ argon from the magma (molten rock) was retained in the rock when it solidified. The secular scientific literature lists many examples ofanswers in genesis curriculum excess argon causing dates of millions of years in rocks of known historical age.15 This excess appears to have come from the upper mantle, below the earth’s crust. This is consistent with a young world—the argon has had too little time to escape.16 If excess argon can cause exaggerated dates for rocks of known age, then why should we trust the method for rocks of unknown age?
Other techniques, such as the use of isochrons,17 make different assumptions about starting conditions, but there is a growing recognition that such ‘foolproof’ techniques can also give ‘bad’ dates. So data are again selected according to what the researcher already believes about the age of the rock.
Geologist Dr Steve Austin sampled basalt from the base of the Grand Canyon strata and from the lava that spilled over the edge of the canyon. By evolutionary reckoning, the latter should be a billion years younger than the basalt from the bottom. Standard laboratories analyzed the isotopes. The rubidium-strontium isochron technique suggested that the recent lava flow was 270 Ma older than the basalts beneath the Grand Canyon—an impossibility.
Different dating techniques should consistently agree
If the dating methods are an objective and reliable means of determining ages, they should agree. If a chemist were measuring the sugar content of blood, all valid methods for the determination would give the same answer (within the limits of experimental error). However, with radiometric dating, the different techniques often give quite different results.
In the study of the Grand Canyon rocks by Austin, different techniques gave different results.18 Again, all sorts of reasons can be suggested for the ‘bad’ dates, but this is again posterior reasoning. Techniques that give results that can be dismissed just because they don’t agree with what we already believe cannot be considered objective.
In Australia, some wood found in Tertiary basalt was clearly buried in the lava flow that formed the basalt, as can be seen from the charring. The wood was ‘dated’ by radiocarbon (14C) analysis at about 45,000 years old, but the basalt was ‘dated’ by potassium-argon method at 45 million years old!19
Isotope ratios or uraninite crystals from the Koongarra uranium body in the Northern Territory of Australia gave lead-lead isochron ages of 841 Ma, plus or minus 140 Ma.20 This contrasts with an age of 1550-1650 Ma based on other isotope ratios,21 and ages of 275, 61, 0,0, and 0 Ma for thorium/lead (232Th/208Pb) ratios in five uraninite grains. The latter figures are significant because thorium-derived dates should be the more reliable, since thorium is less mobile than the uranium minerals that are the parents of the lead isotopes in lead-lead system.22 The ‘zero’ ages in this case are consistent with the Bible.
More evidence something is wrong—14C in fossils supposedly millions of years old
Fossils older than 100,000 years should have too little 14C to measure, but dating labs consistently find 14C, well above background levels, in fossils supposedly many millions of years old.23,24 For example, no source of coal has been found that lacks 14C, yet this fossil fuel supposedly ranges up to hundreds of millions of years old. Fossils in rocks dated at 1–500 Ma by long Book for why even these radiocarbon ages are inflated). Furthermore, there was no pattern of younger to older in the carbon dates that correlated with the evolutionary/uniformitarian ‘ages’.24
This evidence is consistent with the fossil-bearing rock layers being formed in the year-long global catastrophe of the biblical Flood, as flood geologists since Nicholas Steno (1631–1687) have recognized.
Even Precambrian (‘older than 545 Ma’) graphite, which is not of organic origin, contains 14C above background levels.25 This is consistent with Earth itself being only thousands of years old, as a straightforward reading of the Bible would suggest.
Many physical evidence contradict the ‘billions of years’
Of the methods that have been used to estimate the age of the earth, 90 percent point to an age far less than the billions of years asserted by evolutionists. A few of them follow.
Evidence for a rapid formation of geological strata, as in the biblical flood. Some of the evidence are: lack of erosion between rock layers supposedly separated in age by many millions of years; lack of disturbance of rock strata by biological activity (worms, roots, etc.); lack of soil layers; polystrate fossils (which traverse several rock layers vertically—these could not have stood vertically for eons of time while they slowly got buried); thick layers of ‘rock’ bent without fracturing, indicating that the rock was all soft when bent; and more. For more, see books by geologists Morris26 and Austin.27
Red blood cells and hemoglobin have been found in some (unfossilized!) dinosaur bone. But these could not last more than a few thousand years—certainly not the 65 Ma since the last dinosaurs lived, according to evolutionists.28
The earth’s magnetic field has been decaying so fast that it looks like it is less than 10,000 years old. Rapid reversals during the Flood year and fluctuations shortly after would have caused the field energy to drop even faster.29, 30
Radioactive decay releases helium into the atmosphere, but not much is escaping. The total amount in the atmosphere is 1/2000th of that expected if the universe is really billions of years old. This helium originally escaped from rocks. This happens quite fast, yet so much helium is still in some rocks that it has not had time to escape—certainly not billions of years.30
A supernova is an explosion of a massive star—the explosion is so bright that it briefly outshines the rest of the galaxy. The supernova remnants (SNRs) should keep expanding for hundreds of thousands of years, according to physical equations. Yet there are no very old, widely expanded (Stage 3) SNRs, and few moderately old (Stage 1) ones in our galaxy, the Milky Way, or in its satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds. This is just what we would expect for ‘young’ galaxies that have not existed long enough for wide expansion.31
The moon is slowly receding from the earth at about 4 centimeters (1.5 inches) per year, and this rate would have been greater in the past. But even if the moon had started receding from being in contact with the earth, it would have taken only 1.37 billion years to reach its present distance from the earth. This gives a maximum age of the moon, not the actual age. This is far too young for evolutionists who claim the moon is 4.6 billion years old. It is also much younger than the radiometric ‘dates’ assigned to moon rocks.32
Salt is entering the sea much faster than it is escaping. The sea is not nearly salty enough for this to have been happening for billions of years. Even granting generous assumptions to evolutionists, the sea could not be more than 62 Ma years old—far younger than the billions of years believed by the evolutionists. Again, this indicates a maximum age, not the actual age.33
Dr Russell Humphreys gives other processes inconsistent with billions of years in the pamphlet Evidence for a Young World.34
Creationists cannot prove the age of the earth using a particular scientific method, any more than evolutionists can. They realize that all science is tentative because we do not have all the data, especially when dealing with the past. This is true of both creationist and evolutionist scientific arguments—evolutionists have had to abandon many ‘proofs’ for evolution just as creationists have also had to modify their arguments. The atheistic evolutionist W.B. Provine admitted: ‘Most of what I learned of the field [evolutionary biology] in graduate (1964-68) school is either wrong or significantly changed.’ 35
Creationists understand the limitations of dating methods better than evolutionists who claim that they can use processes observed in the present to ‘prove’ that the earth is billions of years old. In reality, all dating methods, including those that point to a young earth, rely on unprovable assumptions.
Creationists ultimately date the earth historically using the chronology of the Bible. This is because they believe that this is an accurate eyewitness account of world history, which bears the evidence within it that it is the Word of God, and therefore totally reliable and error-free.
Then what do the radiometric ‘dates’ mean?
What do the radiometric dates of millions of years mean, if they are not true ages? To answer this question, it is necessary to scrutinize further the experimental results from the various dating techniques, the interpretations made on the basis of the results and the assumptions underlying those interpretations.
The isochron dating technique was thought to be infallible because it supposedly covered the assumptions about starting conditions and closed systems.
Geologist Dr Andrew Snelling worked on dating the Koongarra uranium deposits in the Northern Territory of Australia, primarily using the uranium-thorium-lead (U-Th-Pb) method. He found that even highly weathered soil samples from the area, which are definitely not closed systems, gave apparently valid ‘isochron’ lines with ‘ages’ of up to 1,445 Ma.
Such ‘false isochrons’ are so common that a whole terminology has grown up to describe them, such as apparent isochron, mantle isochron, pseudoisochron, secondary isochron, inherited isochron, erupted isochron, mixing line and mixing isochron. Zheng wrote:
Some of the basic assumptions of the conventional Rb-Sr [rubidium-strontium] isochron method have to be modified and an observed isochron does not certainly define valid age information for a geological system, even if a goodness of fit of the experimental results is obtained in plotting 87Sr/86Sr. This problem cannot be overlooked, especially in evaluating the numerical time scale. Similar questions can also arise in applying Sm-Nd [samarium-neodymium] and U-Pb [uranium-lead] isochron methods.37
Clearly, there are factors other than age responsible for the straight lines obtained from graphing isotope ratios. Again, the only way to know if an isochron is ‘good’ is by comparing the result with what is already believed.
Another currently popular dating method is the uranium-lead concordia technique. This effectively combines the two uranium-lead decay series into one diagram. Results that lie on the concordia curve have the same age according to the two lead series and are called ‘concordant.’ However, the results from zircons (a type of gemstone), for example, generally lie off the concordia curve—they are discordant. Numerous models, or stories, have been developed to explain such data.38 However, such exercises in story-telling can hardly be considered as objective science that proves an old earth. Again, the stories are evaluated according to their own success in agreeing with the existing long ages belief system.
Andrew Snelling has suggested that fractionation (sorting) of elements in the molten state in the earth’s mantle could be a significant factor in explaining the ratios of isotope concentrations which are interpreted as ages.
As long ago as 1966, Nobel Prize nominee Melvin Cook, professor of metallurgy at the University of Utah, pointed out evidence that lead isotope ratios, for example, may involve alteration by important factors other than radioactive decay.39 Cook noted that, in ores from the Katanga mine, for example, there was an abundance of lead-208, a stable isotope, but no Thorium-232 as a source for lead-208. Thorium has a long half-life (decays very slowly) and is not easily moved out of the rock, so if the lead-208 came from thorium decay, some thorium should still be there. The concentrations of lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208 suggest that the lead-208 came about by neutron capture conversion of lead-206 to lead-207 to lead-208. When the isotope concentrations are adjusted for such conversions, the ages calculated are reduced from some 600 Ma to recent. Other ore bodies seemed to show similar evidence. Cook recognized that the current understanding of nuclear physics did not seem to allow for such a conversion under normal conditions, but he presents evidence that such did happen, and even suggests how it could happen.
Anomalies in deep rock crystals
Physicist Dr Robert Gentry has pointed out that the amount of helium and lead in zircons from deep bores is not consistent with an evolutionary age of 1,500 Ma for the granite rocks in which they are found.40 The amount of lead may be consistent with current rates of decay over millions of years, but it would have diffused out of the crystals in that time.
Furthermore, the amount of helium in zircons from hot rock is also much more consistent with a young earth (helium derives from the decay of radioactive elements).
The lead and helium results suggest that rates of radioactive decay may have been much higher in the recent past. Humphreys has suggested that this may have occurred during creation week and the flood. This would make things look much older than they really are when current rates of decay are applied to dating. Whatever caused such elevated rates of decay may also have been responsible for the lead isotope conversions claimed by Cook (above).
Orphan radiohalos
Decaying radioactive particles in solid rock cause spherical zones of damage to the surrounding crystal structure. A speck of radioactive element such as Uranium-238, for example, will leave a sphere of discoloration of characteristically different radius for each element it produces in its decay chain to lead-206.41 Viewed in cross-section with a microscope, these spheres appear as rings called radiohalos. Dr Gentry has researched radiohalos for many years, and published his results in leading scientific journals.42
Some of the intermediate decay products—such as the polonium isotopes—have very short half-lives (they decay quickly). For example, 218Po has a half-life of just 3 minutes. Curiously, rings formed by polonium decay are often found embedded in crystals without the parent uranium halos. Now the polonium has to get into the rock before the rock solidifies, but it cannot derive a from a uranium speck in the solid rock, otherwise there would be a uranium halo. Either the polonium was created (primordial, not derived from uranium), or there have been radical changes in decay rates in the past.
Gentry has addressed all attempts to criticize his work.43 There have been many attempts, because the orphan halos speak of conditions in the past, either at creation or after, perhaps even during the flood, which do not fit with the uniformitarian view of the past, which is the basis of the radiometric dating systems. Whatever process was responsible for the halos could be a key also to understanding radiometric dating.44
Conclusion
There are many lines of evidence that the radiometric dates are not the objective evidence for an old earth that many claim, and that the world is really only thousands of years old. We don't have all the answers, but we do have the sure testimony of the Word of God to the true history of the world.
Recommended resources
Thousands … Not Billions (DVD)
Christians no longer have to puzzle over the seemingly glaring contradiction between dating methods and the Bible's account of earth history.
Radioisotopes & the Age of the Earth (DVD)
Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth—Volume 1 (Hardcover)
Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth—Volume 2 (Hardcover)
Results of a young-earth creationist research initiative
Does Carbon Dating Disprove the Bible? (Booklet)
The Young Earth (Softcover)
Explains in easy-to-understand terms how true science supports a young age for the Earth.
Evidence For a Young World (Booklet)
Contains a dozen natural phenomena which conflict with the evolutionary idea that the earth is billions of years old.
The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods (Softcover)
References and notes
Also known as isotope or radioisotope dating.
Today, a stable carbon isotope, 13C , is measured as an indication answers in genesis curriculumof the level of discrimination against 14C.
Radiation from atomic testing, like cosmic rays, causes the conversion of 14N to 14C.
Tree ring dating (dendrochronology) has been used in an attempt to extend the calibration of carbon-14 dating earlier than historical records allow, but this depends on temporal placement of fragments of wood (from long dead trees) using carbon-14 dating, assuming straight-line extrapolation backwards. Then cross-matching of ring patterns is used to calibrate the carbon ‘clock’—a somewhat circular process which does not give an independent calibration of the carbon dating system.
K.L. McDonald and R.H. Gunst, ‘An Analysis of the Earth's Magnetic Field from 1835 to 1965,’ ESSA Technical Report IER 46-IES, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., p. 14, 1965.
B.J. Taylor, ‘Carbon Dioxide in the Antediluvian Atmosphere,’ Creation Research Society Quarterly, 30(4):193-197, 1994.
R.H. Brown, ‘Correlation of C-14 Age with Real Time,’ Creation Research Society Quarterly, 29:45-47, 1992. Musk ox muscle was dated at 24,000 years, but hair was dated at 17,000 years. Corrected dates bring the difference in age approximately within the life span of an ox. With sloth cave dung, standard carbon dates of the lower layers suggested less than 2 pellets per year were produced by the sloths. Correcting the dates increased the number to a more realistic 1.4 per day.
J. Woodmorappe, The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods, Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, CA, 1999.
Ibid.
G. WoldeGabriel et al., ‘Ecological and Temporal Placement of Early Pliocene Hominids at Aramis, Ethiopia,’ Nature, 371:330-333, 1994.
M. Lubenow, The Pigs Took It All, Creation 17(3):36-38, 1995.
M. Lubenow, Bones of Contention, Baker Books, Grand Rapids, MI, pp. 247-266, 1993.
A.R. Williams, Long-age Isotope Dating Short on Credibility, CEN Technical Journal, 6(1):2-5, 1992.
Woodmorappe, The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods.
A.A. Snelling, The Cause of Anomalous Potassium-argon ‘Ages’ for Recent Andesite Flows at Mt. Nguaruhoe, New Zealand, and the Implications for Potassium-argon ‘Dating,’ Proc. 4th ICC, pp.503-525, 1998.
Note 14 lists many instances. For example, six cases were reported by D. Krummenacher, Isotopic Composition of Argon in 摩登 Surface Rocks, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6:47-55, 1969. A large excess was reported in D.E. Fisher, Excess Rare Gases in a Subaerial Basalt in Nigeria, Nature, 232:60-61, 1970.
See note 14, p. 520.
The isochron technique involves collecting a number of rock samples from different parts of the rock unit being dated. The concentration of a parent radioactive isotope, such as rubidium-87, is graphed against the concentration of a daughter isotope, such as strontium-87, for all the samples. A straight line is drawn through these points, representing the ratio of the parent:daughter, from which a date is calculated. If the line is of good fit and the ‘age’ is acceptable, it is a ‘good’ date. The method involves dividing both the parent and daughter concentrations by the concentration of a similar stable isotope—in this case, strontium-86.
S.A. Austin, editor, Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe, Institute for Creation Research, Santee, CA, pp. 120-131, 1994.
A.A. Snelling, Radiometric Dating in Conflict, Creation, 20(1):24-27, 1998.
A.A. Snelling, The Failure of U-Th-Pb ‘Dating’ at Koongarra, Australia, CEN Technical Journal, 9(1):71-92, 1995.
R. Maas, Nd-Sr Isotope Constraints on the Age and Origin of Unconformity-type Uranium Deposits in the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Northern Territory, Australia, Economic Geology, 84:64-90, 1989.
See note 20.
Giem, P., Carbon-14 content of fossil carbon, Origins 51:6–30, 2001.
Baumgardner, J.R., Snelling, A.S., Humphreys, D.R., and Austin, S.A., Measurable 14C in fossilized organic materials: confirming the young earth creation-flood model, Proc. 5th ICC, pp. 127–142, 2003.
Ibid.
J. Morris, The Young Earth, Master Books, Green Forest, AR, 1994.
Austin, Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe.
C. Wieland, Sensational Dinosaur Blood Report, Creation, 19(4):42-43, 1997, based on M. Schweitzer and T. Staedter, The Real Jurassic Park, Earth, pp. 55-57, June 1997.
D.R. Humphreys, Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Genesis Flood, Proc. First ICC, Pittsburgh, PA, 2:113-126, 1986.
J.D. Sarfati, The Earth's Magnetic Field: Evidence That the Earth Is Young, Creation, 20(2):15-19, 1998.
L. Vardiman, The Age of the Earth’s Atmosphere: A Study of the Helium Flux through the Atmosphere, Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, CA, 1990.
J.D. Sarfati, Blowing Old-earth Belief Away: Helium Gives Evidence That the Earth is Young, Creation, 20(3):19-21, 1998.
K. Davies, Distribution of Supernova Remnants in the Galaxy, Proc. Third ICC, R.E. Walsh, editor, pp. 175-184, 1994.
D. DeYoung, The Earth-Moon System, Proc. Second ICC, R.E. Walsh and C.L. Brooks, editors, 2:79-84, 1990. J.D. Sarfati, The Moon: The Light That Rules the Night, Creation, 20(4):36-39, 1998.
S.A. Austin and D.R. Humphreys, The Sea’s Missing Salt: A Dilemma for Evolutionists, Proc. Second ICC, 2:17-33, 1990.
J.D. Sarfati, Salty Seas: Evidence for a Young Earth, Creation, 21(1):16-17, 1999.
Russell Humphreys, Evidence for a Young World, Answers in Genesis, 1999.
A review of Teaching about Evolution and the Nature of Science, National Academy of Science USA, 1998, by Dr Will B. Provine, online at February 18, 1999.
See Woodmorappe, The Mythology of 摩登 Dating Methods, for one such thorough evaluation.
Y.F. Zheng, Influence of the Nature of Initial Rb-Sr System on Isochron Validity, Chemical Geology, 80:1-16, p. 14, 1989.
E. Jager and J.C. Hunziker, editors, Lectures in Isotope Geology, U-Th-Pb Dating of Minerals, by D. Gebauer and M. Grunenfelder, Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 105-131, 1979.
M.A. Cook, Prehistory and Earth Models, Max Parrish, London, 1966.
R.V. Gentry, Creation's Tiny Mystery, Earth Science Associates, Knoxville, TN, 1986.
Only those that undergo alpha decay (releasing a helium nucleus).
Gentry, Creation's Tiny Mystery.
K.P. Wise, letter to the editor and replies by M. Armitage and R.V. Gentry, CEN Technical Journal, 12(3):285-90, 1998.
An international team of creationist scientists is actively pursuing a creationist understanding of radioisotope dating. Known as the RATE (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) group, it combines the skills of various physicists and geologists to enable a multi-disciplinary approach to the subject. Interesting insights are likely to come from such a group.
This chapter from the book The Revised and Expanded Answers Book, published and graciously provided at no charge to Answers in Genesis by Master Books, a division of New Leaf Press (Green Forest, Arkansas).
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Yes it is really accurate. However, who cares??????
This is absurd because Carbon-14 dating is not used to prove ANY of the claims your article says C-14 dating is used for. It is not used to date the Earth's origin, as it can only be used for the past 60,000 years. It is not used by evolutionists to prove evolution. It is not used for any of this. Your article actually says that C14 dating can be used to date things that are millions of years old- yet no scientific claims have ever been made dating anything with C-14 for more than 60,000 years. This is a bald-faced lie. It simply can't be done. Your article is complete bull and any true Christian would be ashamed of spreading such untruth.
You are doing nothing more than tilting at windmills. No one with any scientific knowledge will pay you any attention, because your own article states that it has no proof of Creationism, when it says "those that point to a young earth, rely on unprovable assumptions. "
Mostly those that point to a young earth rely on ignorance (which includes ignorance of the Bible).
The religion that is afraid of science dishoners God and commits suicide.
--Ralph Waldo Emerson
Even without any science, one can prove physically that the flood could not have happened more recently than 12000 years ago.
Physical evidence of open caves in Egypt that have never had water in them (proven as far back as 12000 years ago), via writings & other cave evidence.
Do you think someone like John in AZ really cares, pcreamer2000? It disagrees with what he believes, hence it is false.
Maybe accurate ... It isn't very percise.
Actually it is more precise than it is accurate. Counting atoms of C14 is a very precise operation. Accuracy varies with the quality of the original sample. Tests against tree rings, which can be easily counted, showed a high degree of accuracy.
it is as acurate as the heisenberg principle of measurements. Its the resultant of a eponetntial function whose time constant is probablibalistic=that is it.
People really need to read up on the difference between accuracy and precision. The Heisenberg Principle will only apply to precision, not accuracy. The decay function involved will have a range of error that is well understood, but this is an error of precision.
am trying to post an answer on this but i dunno how to but'll figure it out... but hey the dating methods in a whole is based on some faulty assumptions
Faulty assumptions? No, not really. The truly faulty assumptions are in relying on the Bible to be a literal factual book, when in fact it is allegorical. Who says the days in Genesis where solar days? How do you prove that? It is only an assumption.
i agree with that article, and yes a research group called CARM has redone carbon dating and found things to be only 1,000's of years old. Scientists do not keep in mind that geological changes in weather or what that bone of whatever it was near may have effected the half-life
The questioner submitted the article simply to show those methods cannot prove the earth is millions of years old as is often claimed by evolutionists. How many times do we hear the expression "Millions of years ago" presented as fact instead of speculation. Good Article, thanks for posting.
The fact is reliable dating methods only go back thousands of years and then everything is speculative beyond that. The Bible is silent on when the earth first began its formation but it does give the order of events. "Days" in Genesis are periods of time and cannot be calculated accurately.
"Copyright ? 2006 Answers in Genesis"
This was at the end of your question, which seems to be little more than a copy/paste of a webpage. Correct me if I'm wrong, but this would be called "copyright infringement".
There were many things wrong with the article, but I lack the time to point them out.
copyright infringement..
Really? you care that much about copyrights to point that out?
And again, why ask a question if you are just going to answer it there?
Yes up to 60000 years BC.
Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to ca 60,000 years. Within archaeology it is considered an absolute dating technique. The technique was discovered by Willard Frank Libby and his colleagues in 1949 during his tenure as a professor at the University of Chicago. Libby estimated that the steady state radioactivity concentration of exchangeable 14C would be about 14 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram carbon (ca. 230 mBq/g). In 1960, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination.
Is the book of Genesis accurate? No.
Good grief. You want to proselytize? Find a street corner.
Radiometric dating: A christian perspective.
Written by real scientists, laying out the mainstream, ridiculously well -accepted science behind radioactive dating.
thats a very interesting article.never read such a thing.after reading i think i should say that our science was lways like this.we keep on changing thiongs until what we observe was achieved thru our calculation.
then evrything we know about dinosaurs is wrong?well their calculations cant be all assumptions.they must have some solid base.
It is true that there are problems with all dating methods, but Archeaologists, Paleontologists, etc. all know this. Usually, as many dating methods as possible are applied. And, interestingly, errors generally make things seem younger, rather than older. There's something that alot of Christian scientists forget. Most of the scientists who discovered (and continue to discover) the ancient-ness of the Earth and evolution, etc. were Christians. Many of them were very upset by their findings, but they were also Scientists. Real Scientists. And real Scientists accept observable evidence above mythology.
You're not going to convince any enlightened person by waving a book at them. Not unless you have several non-derivative books by several different, unrelated authors that reach the same conclusion.
My mythology (ancient Greek) supports ancient Earth and evolution and even if it didn't, it wouldn't stop me from ignoring observable evidence! I'm smart enough to know that mythology is metaphore.
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